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Comparison of volatile compounds formed from the thermal interaction of alliin or deoxyalliin with reducing sugars

Title
Comparison of volatile compounds formed from the thermal interaction of alliin or deoxyalliin with reducing sugars
Authors
나수연
Issue Date
2020
Department/Major
대학원 식품공학과
Publisher
이화여자대학교 대학원
Degree
Master
Advisors
김영석
Abstract
마늘(Allium sativum L.)은 다량의 유기황을 함유하고 있어 독특한 풍미를 지니므로 과거부터 필수적인 조미료로 사용되어 왔다. 이때, 마늘의 주요 비휘발성 전구체인 alliin과 deoxyalliin은 aliinase에 의한 효소처리와 열분해로 인해 sulfoxide를 방출하고, 이는 특징적인 풍미 생성에 기여한다. 본 연구에서는 alliin과 deoxyalliin이 세 종류의 환원당 (glucose, fructose, xylose)과 각기 다른 pH(5, 7, 9)에서 메일라드 반응하며 생성되는 휘발성 성분들을 비교하여, 전구체와 pH가 휘발성 성분들의 형성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 가열은 180℃에서 2시간 진행했으며, 각 조건에서 가열 반응 후 생성된 휘발성 성분들은 용매 추출 방법을 이용하여 추출하였고 GC-MS 분석하였다. 36개의 메일라드 model system에서 전체 138종의 휘발성 성분들이 동정 되었다. Pyraizne류는 전반적으로 alliin에 비해 deoxyalliin을 환원당과 반응시켰을 때 정량적으로 더 많이 생성되었으며 그중, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine과 2-methyl-3-prop-2-enylpyrazine이 다량 생성되었다. Sulfur containing compound류에서는 특히 2-acetylthizole과 thiophene-2-carbaldehyde이 alliin과 환원당을 반응시켰을 때 특이적으로 다량 생성되었으며, 1-prop-2-enylsulfanylpropane과 3-prop-2-enylsulfanylprop-1-ene은 deoxyalliin과 환원당을 반응시켰을 때 다량 생성되었다. Furan류에서는 furan-2-carbaldehyde와 4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-furan-5-one이 deoxyalliin과 환원당을 반응시켰을 때, 많은 양이 생성되었다. pH에 따른 영향을 고찰하면 pyrazine류, thiazole류, thiophene류는 pH가 높아질수록 양이 유의적으로 증가하였고, furan류는 pH가 낮아질수록 많이 생성되었다. 반면, alcohol류, aldehyde류, benzene류, ester류와 ketone류에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다.;Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains a large amount of organic sulfur compounds, which affects its unique flavor. Alliin and deoxyalliin, which are major non-volatile precursors of garlic, release sulfoxides and contribute to the formation of diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by enzymatic and thermal interactions. In this study, thermal reactions of alliin or deoxyalliin with three reducing sugars (glucose, fructose and xylose) were conducted at different pH (5, 7 and 9) to investigate the effects of precursors and pH on the formation of VOCs of garlic. Pyrazines, such as 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-methyl-3-prop-2-enylpyrazine were more prevalent in deoxyalliin with reducing sugars systems than alliin with reducing sugars. Sulfur containing compounds, such as 2-acetylthizole and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde were produced in large quantities at alliin with reducing sugars systems, whereas 1-prop-2-enylsulfanylpropane and 3-prop-2-enylsulfanylprop-1-ene were formed in high amounts at deoxyalliin with reducing sugar systems. Furans, such as furan-2-carbaldehyde and 4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-furan-5-one were generated in large quantities at deoxyalliin with reducing sugar systems. Considering the effect of pH, the amount of pyrazines, thiazoles, and thiophenes significantly increased, whereas furans were decreased with increasing pH. There were no significant difference in alcohols, aldehydes, benzenes, esters and ketones.
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