Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 정명수 | - |
| dc.contributor.author | 고민정 | - |
| dc.creator | 고민정 | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-08-26T04:08:22Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2016-08-26T04:08:22Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2014 | - |
| dc.identifier.other | OAK-000000084453 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/211051 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000084453 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Subcritical water (about 10 MPa) is an excellent solvent for extracting non-polar flavonoids by varying the temperature-dependent dielectric constant. This study determined the optimum conditions for subcritical water extraction (SWE), such as the time and temperature, for extracting flavonoids from ten plants, and their dependence on the chemical structure of flavonoids (polarity of side chains and the presence of sugar, and double bonds). Flavonoids having an OH side chain were optimally extracted at lower temperatures than O–CH3 and H side chains. The optimal temperatures of the glycoside forms including sugar were lower than of the less-polar aglycones. Apigenin, having double bonds, was extracted well at a higher temperature than naringenin. In the case of flavanols, the SWE was more effective for extracting epimer catechins than epicatechins. Also, enzymatic conversion from flavanone glycoside to flavanone aglycone was conducted by hesperidinase in order to reduce grapefruit peels bitterness, and improve activity. The effectiveness of SWE was to determine the extracting flavonoids of pilot-scale SWE. In this study, large-scaled extraction was examined by self-facilitated subcritical water extractor (8 L capacity), and recovery rate of flavonoids similar to lab-scale were obtained at the same conditions. The overall results could be used to characterize the mechanisms involved in the SWE of flavonoids, and to deliver practical applications to related industries for the effective extraction of polyphenolic compounds from various types of plants. ;친환경 아임계수 추출기술을 이용하여 10 종의 다양한 식물로부터 유효한 기능성 성분인 플라보노이드류를 조건별로 추출하고, 식물에 함유되어 있는 대표적인 25 종류의 플라보노이드를 화학 구조별로 분류하고 조건별 추출률과의 관계를 비교 분석함으로써 각각의 플라보노이드의 화학적 구조에 따른 아임계수 추출의 적합성을 연구하였다. 아임계수 추출 조건은 온도(110-200oC), 시간 (5-15 분) 및 압력(1-10 MPa) 조건에 따른 물의 특성변화와 플라보노이드의 화학구조적 특성과의 상관관계를 규명함으로써 순수한 물을 이용한 유효성분 추출기술을 확립하였고, 전자현미경을 이용하여 추출 전후 식물체의 세포질의 구조를 분석하고 가시화 함으로써 이에 대한 물리화학적 영향을 검증하였다. 또한, 플라보노이들류의 생물전환효소를 이용하여 배당체를 비배당체로 전환함으로써 생리활성을 높이고, 식품소재로 이용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구로부터 플라보노이드의 화학구조적 특성(OH, CH3 등 side chain의 유무, 종류 및 개수, double bond의 유무, 배당체 혹은 비배당체)에 따라 최적 아임계수 추출조건이 일정한 패턴으로 의존함을 확인하였고, 이 결과를 이용하여 각 플라보노이드의 물리화학적 특징(melting point, molecular weight, stability 등)과 아임계 상태의 물이 가지는 상대유전율, 밀도, 점도, 표면장력, solubility, structural interaction 등과의 상관관계를 분석함으로써 추출경향과 추출메커니즘을 분석할 수 있었다. 아임계수 추출 결과는 기존에 일반적으로 플라보노이드 추출에 사용되고 있는 메탄올, 에탄올 등을 이용하는 유기용매 추출법보다 높은 효율과 빠른 추출시간을 나타내어 친환경 아임계수 추출기술의 높은 잠재성과 우수성을 확인하였다. 또한, pilot-scale 아임계수 추출기술을 이용한 플라보노이드류의 조건별 추출효율을 비교 분석함으로써 추출적용가능성을 확인하여 상업적으로 응용할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다. | - |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | CHAPTER I 1 LITERATURE REVIEWS 1 1.1. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) 1 1.1.1. Subcritical water extraction 1 1.1.2. Comparison of extraction methods 9 1.1.3. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) parameters 11 1.2. Flavonoids 14 1.2.1. Chemistry and classification of flavonoids 14 1.2.2. Flavonoids antioxidants 19 1.2.3. Flavonoids in foods 20 1.2.4. Identification of flavonoids 22 CHAPTER 2. Relationship analysis between flavonoids structure and subcritical water extraction (SWE) 23 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Materials and methods 29 2.2.1. Chemicals 29 2.2.2. Sample preparation 30 2.2.3. SWE method 31 2.2.4. Conversion method 33 2.2.5. HPLC analysis method 34 2.2.6. Data analysis 36 2.3. Results and discussion 37 2.3.1. HPLC analysis for flavonoids 37 2.3.2. Optimum conditions for the SWE of flavonoids from various plants 42 2.3.2.1. Flavonol 42 2.3.2.2. Flavone 43 2.3.2.3. Flavanone 44 2.3.2.4. Flavanol 45 2.3.2.5. Isoflavone 47 2.3.3. Factors affecting the optimum SWE conditions for flavonoids 59 2.3.3.1. Solubility of flavonoids in subcritical water 59 2.3.3.2. Stability of flavonoids during extraction 61 2.3.3.3. Structural interactions between flavonoids and solvent 62 2.3.3.3.1. Double bond 62 2.3.3.3.2. Aglycone and glycoside 63 2.3.3.3.3. Side chains of flavonoids (OH, H, and CH3) 63 2.3.3.3.4. Epimerization of flavanol catechins 64 2.3.4. Enzymatic conversion 69 2.3.4.1. Effect of pH values 69 2.3.4.2. Effect of reaction time 72 2.3.4.3. Effect of reaction temperature 74 2.3.4.4. Optimization of enzymatic conversion 74 CHAPTER 3. Pilot-scale subcritical water extraction (SWE) and visualization of flavonoids 76 3.1. Introduction 76 3.2. Materials and method 77 3.2.1. Materials 77 3.2.2. Extraction method 78 3.2.3. HPLC analysis method 81 3.2.4. Method of staining with NA solution 81 3.3. Results and discussion 85 3.3.1. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids by HPLC 85 3.3.2. Effect of temperature and time 87 3.3.3. Effect of solute/solvent ratio 89 3.3.4. Effect of sample size 90 3.3.5. Comparison of lab-scale SWE and pilot-scale SWE 91 3.3.6. Profile of pressure and temperature during pilotscale SWE 92 3.3.7. Extraction steps in SWE from matrix of flavonoids 94 3.3.8. Visualization of flavonoids 96 CONCLUSIONS 98 REFERENCES 100 국문초록 111 | - |
| dc.format | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.extent | 2127752 bytes | - |
| dc.language | eng | - |
| dc.publisher | 이화여자대학교 대학원 | - |
| dc.subject.ddc | 600 | - |
| dc.title | Adequacy of Subcritical Water Extraction for Recovering Flavonoids from Plants and Scale-up for Practical Application | - |
| dc.type | Doctoral Thesis | - |
| dc.format.page | x, 112 p. | - |
| dc.identifier.thesisdegree | Doctor | - |
| dc.identifier.major | 대학원 식품공학과 | - |
| dc.date.awarded | 2014. 2 | - |