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ADHD 청소년의 음악활용과 정서조절력 관계 연구

Title
ADHD 청소년의 음악활용과 정서조절력 관계 연구
Other Titles
A study on the relationship between music utilization and emotional regulation in adolescents with ADHD
Authors
신은경
Issue Date
2024
Department/Major
교육대학원 음악치료교육전공
Keywords
ADHD 청소년, 음악활용, 정서조절, 정서곤란, MMR
Publisher
이화여자대학교 교육대학원
Degree
Master
Advisors
유가을
Abstract
​본​ ​연구에서는​ ​ADHD를​ ​가진​ ​청소년이​ ​정서조절​ ​전략으로서​ ​음악을​ ​의도​ ​적으로​ ​활용하는​ ​경험이​ ​어떠한지​ ​조사하고,​ ​주도적인 음악활용과​ ​음악에​ ​대​ ​한​ ​인식이​ ​해당​ ​청소년의​ ​정서조절력과​ ​어떤​ ​관계가​ ​있는지​ ​알아보고자​ ​하였​ ​다.​ ​대상자는​ ​ADHD​ ​진단을 받은​ ​만​ ​9-18세의​ ​청소년이며​ ​선정​ ​기준에​ ​부합​ ​하며​ ​참여에​ ​동의한​ ​대상자에게​ ​설문조사를​ ​실시하였다.​ ​설문조사에는​ ​총​ ​4개의​ ​척도가​ ​사용되었는데,​ ​연구자가​ ​구성한​ ​‘음악활용​ ​현황’,​ ​‘음악활용주도성’,​ ​‘음악효과성인식’,​ ​이와​ ​더불어 ‘정서곤란척도(Difficulties​ ​in​ ​Emotion​ ​Regulation​ ​Scale:​ ​DERS)’가​ ​사용되었다.​ ​음악활용 현황의​ ​활용측면에서​ ​기존척도인​ ​‘기분조​ ​절을​ ​위한​ ​음악전략​ ​유형척도(Music​ ​in​ ​Mood​ ​Regulation:​ ​MMR; 2008)’를​ ​부가​ ​적​ ​설문으로​ ​사용하였다.​ ​기분조절척도​ ​설문에​ ​집계된​ ​각​ ​항목의​ ​평정​ ​결과는​ ​인구통계학에​ ​따른 빈도분석(frequency​ ​analysis)​ ​및​ ​기술통계분석,​ ​주요​ ​변인​ ​들​ ​간의​ ​상관관계​ ​등을​ ​파악하기​ ​위한​ ​SPSS 프로그램​ ​상관분석,​ ​항목간의​ ​유​ ​의미한​ ​차이를​ ​살펴보기​ ​위한​ ​독립표본​ ​t검정을​ ​통해​ ​분석되었다. ​본​ ​연구에서​ ​회수된​ ​52개의​ ​응답지​ ​중​ ​선정기준에​ ​부합되지​ ​않거나​ ​무응답​ ​된​ ​설문을​ ​제외한​ ​38부의​ ​인구통계학적​ ​분석​ ​결과 첫째,​ ​대상자의​ ​평균​ ​연령​ ​은​ ​12.9세이며​ ​응답자​ ​중​ ​남자​ ​청소년​ ​23명(59.5%),​ ​여자​ ​청소년​ ​15명(40.5%)로 나타났다.​ ​본​ ​연구의​ ​참여자​ ​중​ ​과반수​ ​이상은​ ​최근​ ​한​ ​달​ ​이내에​ ​일상생활에​ ​서​ ​음악​ ​활동을​ ​경험한​ ​것으로​ ​나타났다.​ ​일주일 기준​ ​평균​ ​2회(31.8%)​ ​음악​ ​활동을​ ​경험했다고​ ​응답한​ ​수가​ ​가장​ ​많았고,​ ​1회​ ​음악​ ​경험이​ ​지속된​ ​시간은​ ​1시간​ ​이상에서 2시간​ ​미만이라고​ ​응답한​ ​참여자가​ ​가장​ ​많은​ ​것(38.1%)으로​ ​나타났다.​ ​활용한​ ​음악활동의​ ​유형​ ​중에서는 음악감상(23.7%)이​ ​가장​ ​많은​ ​비​ ​중을​ ​차지했다.​ ​본​ ​연구에서​ ​ADHD​ ​청소년의​ ​정서곤란척도가​ ​임상학적​ ​평균점수인​ ​43점보다​ ​높은​ ​46.4점으로​ ​집계된​ ​사실을​ ​미루어​ ​볼​ ​때​ ​대상자는​ ​실​ ​제​ ​생활에서​ ​부적정서를​ ​일반인보다​ ​더​ ​높게​ ​경험하는​ ​것으로 나타났다.​ ​정서​ ​곤란척도가​ ​더​ ​높은​ ​ADHD​ ​청소년일수록​ ​음악을​ ​‘위로​ ​전략’으로​ ​활용하는​ ​양상이​ ​두드러졌는데​ ​이는 음악활용에서​ ​정적감정​ ​증대가​ ​아닌​ ​부적감정​ ​해소​ ​를​ ​위한​ ​전략을​ ​사용한다는​ ​것을​ ​의미하며​ ​이러한​ ​사실은​ ​음악활용전략에​ ​있​어 일반청소년과의​ ​차이점으로​ ​볼​ ​수​ ​있다.​ ​둘째,​ ​ADHD​ ​청소년의​ ​‘음악활용​ ​주도성’과​ ​‘음악효과성인식’​ ​간의​ ​관계에​ ​있어 음악을​ ​주도적으로​ ​활용하는​ ​ADHD​ ​청소년은​ ​음악이​ ​정서조절에​ ​미치는​ ​혜택이나​ ​효과에​ ​대해서도​ ​긍정​ ​적으로​ ​인식하는​ ​경향이 있는​ ​것을​ ​확인​ ​할​ ​수​ ​있었다.​ ​단순한​ ​음악​ ​활동​ ​참​ ​여​ ​여부는​ ​음악효과성​ ​인식의​ ​수준에는​ ​영향을​ ​가져오지​ ​않음을​ ​상관관계로 확인하였으며​ ​이러한​ ​결과는​ ​일상생활에서의​ ​단순한​ ​음악활동​ ​시도는​ ​음악이​ ​주는​ ​긍정적​ ​인식에​ ​정적관계를​ ​가져오지​ ​않음으로 구체적이고​ ​의도적인​ ​음악​ ​활용의​ ​필요성이​ ​제기된다.​ ​셋째,​ ​ADHD​ ​청소년의​ ​‘음악활용주도성’과​ ​‘정서조​ ​절력’​ ​간의​ ​관계를 조사한​ ​결과​ ​하위항목간에​ ​유의한​ ​관계가​ ​나타났다.​ ​자신만​ ​의​ ​고유한​ ​음악​ ​활동​ ​전략이​ ​있거나,​ ​음악매체에​ ​대한​ ​접근성이​ ​높은 ADHD​ ​청소년은​ ​정서에​ ​대한​ ​주의​ ​및​ ​자각이​ ​더​ ​높은​ ​것으로​ ​보고되었다.​ ​이러한​ ​결​과는​ ​음악을​ ​주도적으로​ ​사용할​ ​수록 음악에​ ​대한​ ​민감도가​ ​높고​ ​자신의​ ​정서​ ​에​ ​더​ ​명확한​ ​주의를​ ​기울이는​ ​경향이​ ​있음을​ ​의미한다. 본​ ​연구는​ ​ADHD​ ​청소년이​ ​일상생활에서​ ​음악을​ ​활용하는​ ​양상과​ ​해당​ ​청​ ​소년의​ ​정서조절​ ​간의​ ​관계를​ ​밝히고,​ ​주도적이고 목적지향적인​ ​음악활동​ ​참​ ​여와​ ​음악에​ ​대한​ ​효과성​ ​측면에서의​ ​인식이​ ​실제적인​ ​정서변화​ ​및​ ​행동에​ ​어​ ​떠한​ ​영향을​ ​주는지에​ ​대한 관계를​ ​밝히는​ ​기초자료를​ ​제시했다고​ ​볼​ ​수​ ​있다.​ ​또한​ ​음악과​ ​ADHD의​ ​상호관계에​ ​대한​ ​데이터가​ ​필요한​ ​시점에서​ ​본​ ​연구는 ADHD에​ ​대한​ ​연구를​ ​다각화하는​ ​자료가​ ​될​ ​수​ ​있다.;This​ ​study​ ​aimed​ ​to​ ​investigate​ ​the​ ​relationship​ ​between​ ​the proactive​ ​use​ ​of​ ​music​ ​for​ ​emotion​ ​regulation​ ​in​ ​adolescents​ ​with Attention​ ​Deficit​ ​Hyperactivity​ ​Disorder​ ​(ADHD),​ ​awareness​ ​of​ ​music benefits,​ ​and​ ​emotion​ ​regulation​ ​ability.​ ​The​ ​subjects​ ​were adolescents​ ​aged​ ​9​ ​to​ ​18​ ​who​ ​were​ ​diagnosed​ ​with​ ​ADHD.​ ​A​ ​survey​ ​was conducted​ ​on​ ​those​ ​who​ ​met​ ​the​ ​selection​ ​criteria​ ​and​ ​agreed​ ​to participate.​ ​A​ ​total​ ​of​ ​four​ ​scales​ ​were​ ​used​ ​in​ ​the​ ​survey,​ ​including the​ ​'Music​ ​Utilization​ ​Status',​ ​'Music​ ​Utilization​ ​Initiative',​ ​and 'Music​ ​Effectiveness​ ​Perception'​ ​scales​ ​constructed​ ​by​ ​the​ ​researcher, as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​the​ ​'Difficulties​ ​in​ ​Emotion​ ​Regulation​ ​Scale​ ​(DERS)'​ ​was used.​ ​The​ ​evaluation​ ​results​ ​of​ ​each​ ​item​ ​compiled​ ​in​ ​the​ ​survey​ ​were analyzed​ ​through​ ​frequency​ ​analysis​ ​and​ ​descriptive statistical analysis​ ​according​ ​to​ ​demographics,​ ​SPSS​ ​program​ ​correlation​ ​analysis to​ ​identify​ ​correlations​ ​between​ ​major​ ​variables,​ ​and​ ​independent analysis​ ​to​ ​examine​ ​significant​ ​differences​ ​between​ ​items.​ ​It​ ​was analyzed​ ​using​ ​the​ ​independent​ ​sample​ ​t-test. ​As​ ​a​ ​result​ ​of​ ​demographic​ ​analysis​ ​of​ ​38​ ​of​ ​the​ ​52​ ​responses collected​ ​in​ ​this​ ​study,​ ​excluding​ ​those​ ​that​ ​did​ ​not​ ​meet​ ​the selection​ ​criteria​ ​or​ ​were​ ​non-responsive,​ ​first,​ ​the​ ​average​ ​age​ ​of the​ ​subjects​ ​was​ ​12.9​ ​years​ ​old,​ ​and​ ​among​ ​the​ ​respondents,​ ​there​ ​were 23​ ​males​ ​(59.5%)​ ​and​ ​15​ ​females​ ​(40.5%).​ ​More​ ​than​ ​half​ ​of​ ​the participants​ ​in​ ​this​ ​study​ ​were​ ​found​ ​to​ ​have​ ​experienced​ ​music activities​ ​in​ ​their​ ​daily​ ​lives​ ​within​ ​the​ ​past​ ​month.​ ​The​ ​largest number​ ​of​ ​participants​ ​responded​ ​that​ ​they​ ​experienced​ ​music activities​ ​on​ ​average​ ​twice​ ​a​ ​week​ ​(31.8%),​ ​and​ ​the​ ​most​ ​participants (38.1%)​ ​responded​ ​that​ ​the​ ​duration​ ​of​ ​one​ ​music​ ​experience​ ​lasted from​ ​more​ ​than​ ​1​ ​hour​ ​to​ ​less​ ​than​ ​2​ ​hours.​ ​Among​ ​the​ ​types​ ​of​ ​music activities​ ​utilized,​ ​music​ ​appreciation​ ​(23.7%)​ ​accounted​ ​for​ ​the largest​ ​proportion.​ ​Considering​ ​the​ ​fact​ ​that​ ​the​ ​emotional​ ​distress scale​ ​of​ ​ADHD​ ​adolescents​ ​in​ ​this​ ​study​ ​was​ ​calculated​ ​to​ ​be​ ​46.4 points,​ ​which​ ​is​ ​higher​ ​than​ ​the​ ​clinical​ ​average​ ​score​ ​of​ ​43​ ​points, it​ ​appears​ ​that​ ​the​ ​subjects​ ​experience​ ​a​ ​higher​ ​level​ ​of​ ​negative emotions​ ​in​ ​real​ ​life​ ​than​ ​the​ ​general​ ​population.​ ​ADHD​ ​adolescents with​ ​higher​ ​scores​ ​on​ ​the​ ​emotional​ ​distress​ ​scale​ ​showed​ ​a​ ​higher preference​ ​for​ ​the​ ​'comfort​ ​strategy'.​ ​This​ ​means​ ​that​ ​they​ ​use​ ​a strategy​ ​for​ ​relieving​ ​negative​ ​emotions​ ​rather​ ​than​ ​increasing positive​ ​emotions​ ​when​ ​using​ ​music,​ ​and​ ​this​ ​fact​ ​is​ ​a​ ​general​ ​rule for​ ​music​ ​utilization​ ​strategies.​ ​This​ ​is​ ​seen​ ​as​ ​a​ ​difference​ ​from teenagers​ ​without​ ​ADHD.​ ​Second,​ ​in​ ​the​ ​relationship​ ​between​ ​ADHD youth's​ ​initiative​ ​in​ ​using​ ​music​ ​and​ ​their​ ​perception​ ​of​ ​music effectiveness,​ ​it​ ​was​ ​confirmed​ ​that​ ​ADHD​ ​youth​ ​who​ ​actively​ ​use​ ​music tend​ ​to​ ​positively​ ​perceive​ ​the​ ​benefits​ ​and​ ​effects​ ​of​ ​music​ ​on emotional​ ​regulation.​ ​It​ ​was​ ​confirmed​ ​through​ ​correlation​ ​that participation​ ​in​ ​simple​ ​music​ ​activities​ ​did​ ​not​ ​have​ ​an​ ​effect​ ​on​ ​the level​ ​of​ ​perception​ ​of​ ​music​ ​effectiveness.​ ​These​ ​results​ ​specifically show​ ​that​ ​attempting​ ​simple​ ​music​ ​activities​ ​in​ ​daily​ ​life​ ​does​ ​not have​ ​a​ ​positive​ ​relationship​ ​with​ ​the​ ​positive​ ​perception​ ​of​ ​music. And​ ​the​ ​need​ ​for​ ​intentional​ ​use​ ​of​ ​music​ ​is​ ​raised.​ ​Third,​ ​as​ ​a result​ ​of​ ​investigating​ ​the​ ​relationship​ ​between​ ​music​ ​use​ ​initiative and​ ​emotional​ ​control​ ​in​ ​adolescents​ ​with​ ​ADHD,​ ​a​ ​significant relationship​ ​was​ ​found​ ​between​ ​subitems.​ ​Adolescents​ ​with​ ​ADHD​ ​who have​ ​their​ ​own​ ​unique​ ​music​ ​activity​ ​strategies​ ​or​ ​who​ ​have​ ​high access​ ​to​ ​music​ ​media​ ​were​ ​reported​ ​to​ ​have​ ​higher​ ​attention​ ​and awareness​ ​of​ ​emotions.​ ​In​ ​other​ ​words,​ ​the​ ​more​ ​people​ ​use​ ​music proactively,​ ​the​ ​more​ ​sensitive​ ​they​ ​are​ ​to​ ​music​ ​and​ ​the​ ​more​ ​clearly they​ ​tend​ ​to​ ​pay​ ​attention​ ​to​ ​emotions. This​ ​study​ ​provides​ ​basic​ ​data​ ​that​ ​reveals​ ​the​ ​relationship​ ​between the​ ​patterns​ ​in​ ​which​ ​ADHD​ ​youth​ ​use​ ​music​ ​in​ ​their​ ​daily​ ​lives​ ​and the​ ​youth's​ ​emotional​ ​regulation,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​relationship​ ​between​ ​changes in​ ​perception​ ​and​ ​actual​ ​behavior​ ​of​ ​emotional​ ​regulation​ ​brought about​ ​by​ ​proactive​ ​and​ ​goal-oriented​ ​participation​ ​in​ ​music activities.​ ​At​ ​a​ ​time​ ​when​ ​data​ ​on​ ​the​ ​interrelationship​ ​between​ ​music and​ ​ADHD​ ​is​ ​needed,​ ​this​ ​study​ ​can​ ​serve​ ​as​ ​data​ ​to​ ​diversify​ ​research on​ ​ADHD.
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