대학·실업 육상선수의 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 대학‧실업 육상선수들의 직업전환의 시기에 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 대한육상경기연맹에 2013년 선수등록이 되어있는 대학․실업 육상선수들을 대상자로 선정하였으며, 표집은 전국 대학․실업 육상선수들을 대상으로 무작위표집법을 이용하여 360명을 표집 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 325부를 최종으로 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학․실업 육상선수들의 일반적 특성(성별, 진로결정 유무, 국가대표경력 유무)에 따른 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감 및 진로결정 수준의 차이를 분석한 결과 성별에 따라 진로장벽 하위요인 중 다중역할 갈등, 중요한 타인과의 갈등, 경제적 어려움에서 남학생이 여학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 전문적 소양부족에서는 여학생이 남학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 또한 진로결정 자기효능감 하위요인인 목표선택, 문제해결, 미래계획에서 남학생이 여학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 하지만 진로결정수준에서는 하위요인 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 진로결정 유무에 따라서는 전체진로장벽과 진로장벽 하위요인 중 정보부족, 다중역할 갈등, 대인관계의 어려움, 중요한 타인과의 갈등, 전문적 소양부족, 사회인식 문제, 흥미적성 부족에서 진로미결정 선수들이 진로가 결정된 선수들보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 진로결정 자기효능감에서는 전체 진로결정 자기효능감과 하위요인 모두에서 진로를 결정한 육상선수들이 진로미결정 육상선수들 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 또한 진로결정수준에서는 전체진로결정수준과 하위요인 중 진로와 전공 선택에 대한 확신 수준에서만 진로를 결정한 육상선수들이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 국가대표경력 유무에 따라서는 진로장벽 하위요인 중 다중역할 갈등과 중요한 타인과의 갈등에서 국가대표 비출신 선수들이 출신 선수들보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 진로결정 자기효능감에서는 전체적으로 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 진로결정수준에서는 전체 진로결정수준과 하위요인 중 교육과 진로미결정의 수준에서 국가대표 출신 선수들이 비출신 선수들보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 대학․실업 육상선수들의 진로장벽이 진로결정수준에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 전체진로장벽과 진로장벽 하위요인 중 정보부족, 대인관계의 어려움, 중요한 타인과의 갈등, 전문적 소양부족, 경제적 어려움, 주위의 기대, 흥미적성 부족에서 진로결정수준과 통계적으로 부적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 진로장벽의 하위요인 중 전문적 소양부족과 정보부족이 진로결정수준에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학․실업 육상선수들의 진로결정 자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 전체진로결정 자기효능감과 하위요인(목표선택, 직업정보, 문제해결, 미래계획)모두에서 진로결정수준과 통계적으로 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 진로결정 자기효능감의 하위요인인 문제해결과 미래계획이 진로결정수준에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 내용을 종합해보면, 대학‧실업 육상선수들이 인식하는 진로장벽이 낮을수록 진로결정수준이 높고, 또한 진로결정 자기효능감이 높을수록 진로결정수준이 높음을 알 수 있었다.;The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the career barrier and career decision-making self-efficacy of college and business track-and-field team players on their career decision-making level during the period of vocation altransition.The subjects in this study were 360 athletes who were selected by random sampling from among collegeand busines strack-and-field team players who registered with Korea Association of Athletics Federation as of 2013. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 325 respondents were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: First,whether there would be any differences between the college and business track-and-field team players in caree rbarrier, career decision-making self-efficacy and career decision-making level according to their general characteristics(gender,career-decision making and experience o fbeing on the national team)was analyzed. Concerning gender differences in the subfactors of career barrier, the male students faced more statistically significant multiple role conflicts and were in more statistically significant conflicts with significant others, and the former had more financial difficulties than the latter. As for poor professional knowledge, the female students had a statistically significantly less professional knowledge than the male students. The male students statistically significantly excelled the female students in target setting, problem solving and future planning, which were the subfactors of career decision-making selfefficacy. In terms of career decision-making level, however, there were no statistically significant gender gaps in every subfactor of it. Regarding the relationship of career decision making to total career barrier and seven subfactors of it(shortage of information, multiple role conflicts, interpersonal difficulties, conflicts with significant others, social awareness problems and lack of interest and aptitude), the athletes who didn't yet made a career decision were in significantly worse situationsin every regard than the career-decided athletes. In terms of career-decision self-efficacy, the latter was statistically significantly ahead of the former in total career decision-making self-efficacy and every subfactor of it. As to career decision-making level, the career-decided athletes statistically significantly surpassed the undecided ones justin total career decision-making level and one subfactor of it that was conviction of career and major choice. As for the influence of the experience of being on the national team, the athletes who were never on the national team faced more statistically significant multiple role conflicts and were in more statistically significant conflicts with significant others than the athletes who were ever on the national team, and there were no statistically significant differences in career-decision self-efficacy overall. In terms of career decision-making level, the athletes who were on the national team statistically significantly excelled the others who weren't in total career decision-making level. Among the subfactors of it, the former was ahead of the latter in terms of education, and the level of career undecidedness was higher in the former than in the latter. Second, how the career barrier of the college and business track-and-field team players affected their career decision-making level was analyzed, and career decision-making level had a statistically negative correlation to total career barrier and seven subfactors of career barrier that were shortage of information, interpersonal difficulties, conflicts with significant others, poor professional knowledge, economic hardship,expectations from others and lack of interestand aptitude. As are sultofmaking a multiple regression analysis, poor professional knowledge and shortage of information exerted a statistically significant influence on career decision-making level. Third, how the career decision-making self-efficacy of the college and business track-and-field team players affected their career decision- making level was analyzed, and career decision-making level had a statistically positive correlation to total career decision-making self-efficacy and every subfactor of it that was target setting, vocational information, problem solving and future planning. As a result of making a multiple regression analysis, career decision-making level was under the statistically significant influence of problem solving and future planning, which were two subfactors of career decision-making self-efficacy. The above-mentioned findings suggested that the career decision-making level of the college and business track-and-field team players was higher when they found themselves to face less career barrier,and that better career decision-making self-efficacyled to higher career decision-making level.