인삼첨가식이가 닭의 동맥경화증 치유에 미치는 영향

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the ginseng supplement on the atherosclerosis treatment in chickens given the different types of protein and the different composition ratios of lipid in the diet during the eight weeks of growing period. Sixty Hisex white layer male chickens were given the diet added the two percent cholesterol to induce the atherosclerosis for the former four weeks, And at the last day of the fourth week, chickens were divided into the eight groups, they were given the eight different kinds of experimental diet to treat the induced atherosclerosis for the latter four weeks. Through the experimental period, the food intake and the body weight gain were measured periodically and the food efficiency ratio (F. E. R.) was calculated. Blood was collected by the cardiac puncture in order to determine the contents of the serum total lipid, the total cholesterol and the triglyceride, chickens were sacrificed at the initial, the fourth week and the eighth week. The weights of the liver and the heart were measured. The total cholesterol contents of the liver, the intestine and the aorta, arid the total lipid content of the liver were determined. The histological observation of the aorta was performed by the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1 There were small decreases of the food intake and the body weight gain in chickens that they were given the diet supplemented the ginseng than in those given the diet unsupplemented the ginseng. But there was no large differences in them among all the experimental groups. 2. At the eighth week, the contents of the serum total lipid, the total cholesterol and the triglyceride were decreased than those of the fourth week, particularly the decreasing rate of the serun total cholesterol was higher than any others. 3. The contents of the serun total lipid. the total cholesterol and the triglyceride were lower in the plant protein fed group than in the animal protein fed group when the dietary lipid was composed of one to three in the ratio of the animal lipid vs. the plant lipid. Whereas there was no consistent tendency with the types of protein when the dietary lipid was composed entirely of the animal or plant lipid. And the ginseng supplement showed the different responses according to the compositions of the diet and the blood lipid. But the ginseng supplement exerted the hypocholesterolemic effect on the chickens with hypocholesterolemia. 4. At the eighth week, the total cholesterol contents of the liver, the intestine and the aorta. and the total lipid content of the liver were decreased than those of the fourth week by the converted teatment diet after the fourth week. 5. The contents of the total cholesterol and the total lipid in the liver were lower in the plant protein fed group than in the animal protein fed group when the dietary lipid was composed of one to three in the ratio of the animal lipid vs. plant lipid, Whereas there was no differences with the types of protein when the dietary lipid was composed entirely of the animal or plant lipid. And the ginseng supplement had no effect on the contents of the total lipid and the total cholesterol of the liver. 6. The total cholesterol content of the intestine was significantly lower in the plant protein fed group than in the animal protein fed group when the dietary lipid was composed entirely of the animal or plant lipid. Whereas there was no differences with the types of protein when the dietary lipid was composed of one to three in the ratio of the animal lipid vs. plant lipid. 7. There was no difference in the content of the cholesterol of the aorta among all the experimental groups. 8. In the histological observation of the aorta, the degree of the induced atheroma was lower at the eighth week than that of the fourth week in all the experimental groups except the A-B group given the diet which was composed of the animal protein and lipid. 9. The degree and the frequency of the induction in vasclar lesion was fed group lower in the plant protein fed group than in the animal protein regardless of the composition ratios of the dietary lipid. And ginseng supple ment exerted the relieving effect on the atheroma when the lesion was severe;인삼은 2,000년 전부터 신비의 영약으로 알려져 왔으며, 최근에는 인삼의 약효를 과학적으로 규명하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 식이내 단백질의 종류와 지방 구성비를 달리한 인삼 첨가 식이가 동맥경화증에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 평균 체중이 172±1g인 Hisex 백색산란계 숫병아리 60마리를 대상으로 8주간 실시하였다. 실험 전기간중 전기 4주간은 실험동물에게 동맥경화증을 유발시키고자 2% 콜레스테롤 첨가 식이를 공급하였으며, 후기 4주간은 유발되어진 동맥경화증을 치료하고자 실험 4주말 8군으로 분류하여 식이내 단백질의 종류와 지방 구성비를 달리하면서 이에 인삼을 첨가한 8가지 실험식이를 공급하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 동물의 성장은 실험군별로 큰 차이는 없었으나, 인삼 첨가군이 비첨가군에 비해 저조한 경향을 보였다. 2. 혈청내 총지방함량, 총콜레스테롤함량, Triglyceride함량은 실험 4주말에 비해 8주말 현저히 감소되었으며, 특히 콜레스테롤함량의 감소가 현저하였다. 3. 식이내 지방이 동물성 지방과 식물성 지방이 1 : 3의 비율로 구성되었을 때 혈청내 총지방함량, 총콜레스테롤함량, Triglyceride함량은 식물성 단백질 섭취군에서 동물성 단백질 섭취군에 비해 낮은 반면, 식이내 지방이 동물성이나 식물성 한 종류로만 구성되었을 때는 단백질의 종류에 따른 영향이 일정하지 않았다. 그리고 인삼 첨가의 영향은 식이 조성별로, 혈청내 지질 구성 성분별로 다르게 나타났으며, 혈청내 콜레스테롤 수준이 높을 때 인삼 첨가는 효과적으로 혈청내 콜레스테롤함량을 낮춰주었다. 4. 간장, 소장, 대동맥의 총콜레스테롤함량 및 간장의 총지방함량은 실험4주말에 비해 8주말 현저히 감소하였다. 5. 간장의 총지방함량 및 총콜레스테롤함량은 식이내 지방이 동물성 지방과 식물성 지방이 1 : 3의 비율로 구성되었을 때 식물성 단백질 섭취군이 동물성 단백질 섭취군에 비해 낮았으며, 식이내 지방이 한 종류로만 구성되었을 때는 단백질의 종류에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 인삼 첨가군과 비첨가군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 소장의 총콜레스테롤함량은 간장의 경향과는 달리 식이내 지방이 동물성 지방과 식물성 지방이 1 : 3의 비율로 구성되었을 때는 단백질의 종류에 따른 차이가 없었으며, 지방이 한 종류로만 구성되었을 때는 식물성 단백질 섭취군이 동물성 단백질 섭취군보다 유의적으로낮았다.(P<0.05) 7. 대동맥의 총콜레스테롤함량은 전체 실험군중 단백질과 지방 급원으로 식물성 식품만을 공급한 P-C군이 가장 낮았으나, 실험군간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 8. 조직학적 관찰을 통한 동맥경화증의 유발 정도는 실험 4주말에 비해 8 주말 전실험군에서 경감되었으나, 식이내 단백질과 지방 급원으로 동물성 식품만을 공급한 A-B군은 그 정도의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 9. 동맥경화증의 유발 정도 및 빈도는 식이내 지방구성비와는 관계없이 식물성 단백질 섭취군이 동물성 단백질 섭취군에 비해 낮은 경향이었으며, 인삼 첨가는 동맥경화증의 정도가 심할 때 병변의 경감을 위해 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.