중학생의 영양섭취 실태조사

Abstract

This research was carried out mainly for the purposes of better understanding of the nutrition intake status of middle school students in small cities and its relation with their physical growth so that it may help the growing students in building up their physical strength by proper nutrition management. For this purpose questionaires was distributed to 732 male students from 2 middle schools and 735 female students from two middle schools, all of which were located in Anyang City. Each respondent was asked to fill out the contents of their meals for six days and questionaires were given to them three times through the year(April, June, September) and the finding of this were analyzed by nutritional elements. As an estimation standard, school records of the students in both terms in 1974 and the first term in 1975, and their physical perfection quotient in 1975 were taken. The result of this analysis, conducted on percentage, can be abstracted as follows: A. General Condition of Respondents 1. The age of the respondents range from12 to 16. 12 year old boys constitutes 22.1%, girls 22.4%, 13 year-old boys 38.2%, girls 37.7%, 14 year-old males 23.2%, females 18.4%. 2. Males from families of more than 5 members include 88.5%, females 87%. 3. General living standard was below average. 4. Those respondents who take males are regular hours range from 56 to 73% in both sexes. 5. As to the average school record, females were better than males. The number of excellent male students, however, were more than that of excellent females. 6. The number of students of c or d grades of physical perfection quotient increased by 5% than in 1974. 7. Males of 16 years of age experiencing the change of voice, constitute 45%, and females of 13 experiencing the first menstration were approximately 60%. 8. As for their taste for meals, most of them prefer rice mixed with other grains to pure rice as their main dish and beef, eggs an kimchi(pickled radish and cabbage) to salad of bacon. Bread is preferred by males and fruits, juice or ice-cream by female. And those foods are about one-sixth of their regular meal. B. Nutrition Intake Status. 1. Calory intake was about 85% of the recommended amount and the rate was comparatively low in spring than in the other seasons. Among the nutritional elements, such elements as protein, iron, vitamin A and Niacin intake was more than the recommended amount, and as for vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, the amount was 80%. 2. As for carbo-hydrate, protein and fat intake, male students took 73.5% : 15.03% : 11.47% respectively, and females took 71.99% : 15.42% : 12.59% respectively. 3. As for the animal protein among the total protein intake, both males and females took 18.7% in spring, 26.23%in summer, and 13.4% in autumn. 4. Among the total intake, male took animal food 8.1% in spring, 18.4% in summer, 4% in autumn, and female took 9.9% : 17.2% : 4.9% respectively. 5. As for the kind of food, the proportion of grain intake is higher than others, and males took 61% in spring, 45.7% in summer and 63% in autumn and females took 55.7%: 40.2% : 57.4% respectively.;본 연구는 소도시 중학생의 영양섭취실태 및 성장발육상태를 조사하고 영양상태와 신체발육관계를 파악함으로써 시정되어야 할 점을 찾아내어 올바른 영양관리로 성장기 학생의 발육을 돕고 체격을 향상시키려는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 이루기 위하여 안양시내 남녀중학생 2개교에서 732명, 여자중학생 2개교에서 735명, 총 1,467명에게 질문지를 통하여 일반적인 실태를 조사하였으며 영향섭취실태 조사지를 배부하여 봄 (4월), 여름(6월), 가을(9월) 3회에 걸쳐 6일간 식사내용을 기입토록 하여 그 결과를 영양소별로 분석하였다. 1974학년도의 신체충실지수와 1975학년도 신체충실지수로 성장발육의 기준을 잡았다. 결과에 대해서는 백분율에 의한 방법으로 정리되었다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. A. 조사대상자의 일반 환경 실태 1. 조사 대상자의 연령은 10세에서 16세이며 12세의 남학생이 22.1%, 여학생이 28.4%, 13세의 남학생이 38.2%, 여학생이 37.7%, 14세의 남학생이 23.2 %, 여학생이 18.4 % 이다. 2. 식구수는 5명이상이 남학생 88.5%, 여학생 87% 이다. 3. 신체충실지수는 C(중)급, D(대)급이 1974학년도에 비하여 5%나 증가하였다. 4. 남학생의 변성기는 14세에서 45%, 여학생의 초경기는 13세에서 약 60%이다. 5. 음식에 대한 기호를 보면 주식으로는 잡곡밥을 좋아하며 부식은 쇠고기, 계란, 김치를 좋아하고 돼지고기, 샐러드를 싫어하며 간식은 남학생은 빵류, 여학생은 과일, 과즙, 아이스크림을 좋아하며 간식량은 하루 식사량의 1/6 정도이다. B. 영양 섭취 실태 1. 열량의 섭취량이 권장량의 평균 85%가 되며 봄, 여름, 가을 중에서 봄이 가장 낮았다. 영양소중 단백질, 철분, Vitamin A, Niacin은 권장량보다 많으며 칼슘, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C는 권장량의 80% 정도 섭취율을 나타냈다. 2. 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 섭취율은 남학생이 73.5% : 15.03% : 11.47% 이고 여학생은 71.99% : 15.42% : 12.59% 이다. 3. 총단백질 섭취량 중에서 동물성 단백질의 비율은 남녀 모두 봄 18.7%, 여름 26.23%, 가을 13.4 % 이다. 4. 대부분의 학생이 섭취하는 총섭취량 중에서 동물성 식품이 남학생은 봄 8.1%, 여름 18.4%, 가을 4% 이며 여학생이 봄 9.9%, 여름 17.2%, 가을 4.9%이다. 5. 식품군별로 보면 곡류의 비중이 가장 커서 남학생은 봄, 여름, 가을에 61% : 45.7%: 63% 이고 여학생은 55.7%: 40.2%: 57.4% 이다.