韓國 衣類産業의 現況 및 衣類輸出에 관한 調査 硏究

Abstract

縫製衣類工業은 우리 나라에서 처음으로 시작된 輕工業分野의 필수산업으로 지난 10餘年간 纖維産業과 國內製造業 分野에서도 量的·質的으로 急成長을 보여준 우리 나라의 大宗輪出産業으로서의 國民 衣生活에의 勞動集約的인 中小産業으로서의 특질과 함께 製品高級化의 技術勞動力 不足과 老朽施設 改替를 通한 生産의 合理化문제 및 偏重된 輸出市場의 擴大문제 그리고 製品品質 및 디자인과 技術의 低級化등으로 우리 나라 衣類輸出의 採算性이 낮아지고 있다. 그러므로 技術集約的인 良質의 高價品輸出이 요구된다. 즉 海外市場調査를 通한 製品의 高級化·多樣化·패션化등 價格競爭力이 있는 衣類製品의 開發과 生産施設의 改替·海外輸出市場의 多 化가 시급하다. 따라서 本 硏究는 이런 문제해결을 위해 1971年부터 1980年까지의 우리 나라 衣類産業의 現況을 文獻的으로 考察하여, 대표적인 問題點을 근거로 質問紙法을 實施하였다. 그리하여 서울 市內에 있는 20個의 女性用衣類輸出業體를 對象으로 製品庫級化와 패션化를 위한 海外市場調査方法과 生産形態, 施設의 老朽度를 알아보았고 또한 海外市場 多邊化를 위한 輸出對象國을 調査함으로써 한국 衣類輸出品의 質的인 向上과 國際市場에서의 輸出販賣路 擴張에 도움을 줄 수 있는 資料提供을 目的으로 實態調査를 실시하였다. 그 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 첫째, 海外市場調査를 通한 海外消費者의 嗜好度를 把握하여 衣類輸出을 施行하는 업체는 극소수에 불과하였고 주로 外國 바이어의 주문에 依한 輸出이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 輸出品目의 경우 高價品의 正裝(formal Wear)보다는 低價品의 平常服(casual wear)이 많이 수출되고 있어 衣類수출의 採算性이 낮아지고 있으며 디자인의 경우에도 消費者의 流行감각을 의식한 패션 製品이 아닌 基本的인 디자인이 注文되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 현상은 專門디자이너의 敎育養成과 海外패션 情報의 신속조달과 資料를 분석 처리하는 패션 專門硏究所가 부족하여 製品의 디자인과 品質·기술 등이 우수하지 못하기 때문이다. 따라서 한국 衣類수출품의 海外市場에서의 低價格 販賣止揚과 제품의 高級化를 위해서는 우수한 디자이너와 技術기능공의 양성, 그리고 海外市場調査를 통한 消費需要 動向把握과 패션 專門硏究所의 設立이 要求된다. 둘째, 生産施設面에 있어서도 7-10年 된 기계를 保有한 업체가 많아 低生産性 위주로 되어있고 少品種多量生産形態가 壓倒的으로 많음을 알 수 있는 바, 向後 外國 바이어들의 少量受注를 받을 수 있는 多品種少量生産 形態로의 轉換이 必要하다. 셋째, 우리나라 女性用衣類 輸出業體들의 수출대상국을 보면 소수의 특정국에 偏重되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 海外市場의 多邊化가 要求되는데 이를 위해서는 旣存市場의 深化와 새로운 市場을 開拓하여 高級製品을 輸出하는 것이 치열한 國際市場에서 대응할 수 있는 輸出增大方案이라 할 수 있겠다.;Garment Clothing Industry which was firstly begun as an essential industry of the light industrial fields has played a pioneering role in textile industry in the past ten years. It also has a great contribution in the field of the national manufacturing qualitively and quantitively. Along with the Characteristics of medium industry, our clothing industry has not overcome because of the lack of technology of high quality of products and add-payment style of production centered by increasing employment. Many enterprises except a few modernized large enterprises have some problems derived from unbalance of facility of products and ilrationality of administrative management and hardness of demanding products. Those factors cause low productivity and low profit state. So our clothing industry enterprises get worse in export-profits or margins. Besides, enforcement of import restriction in developing countries and marching of overseas market in the undeveloped countries make international market's competence worse. Therefore, difficulty of our export of clothing products in getting serious. We, in the long term aspect, are demanded export of high quality goods which comes from intensive technology. The superior quality and diversification and fashion of goods which have price competition. This study was considered the theoretical background about the present condition of korean garment industry from 1971 to 1980. To solve problems which were found from the theoretical background the questionnaire method was used. The subjects were 20 garment export enterprises for woman's wear in Seoul. The questionnaire consisted for foregin market survey for high quality of goods and fashion, producing styles, deterioration of producing facilities, export countries for diversification of foregin market. From the result of questionnaire, There were investigated a preference of foregin consumers through foregin market survey. While a few of enterprises appeared to export individually garments, most of them appeared to export by order of foregin buyers. In case of export items, because low-cost casual wears exported more than high-cost formal wears. The commercial profit of foregin exportation appeared to be low. In case of design it appeared that design being conscious of consumers' fashion feeling was not ordered but basic design ordered. This phenomena could be considered because of the lack of education of professional designers, prompt supply of foregin fashion informations and fashion center capable of analysing managing the data. That could be considered to due not to be excellent in design, quality, technology for goods. to sublate low-cost sale in foregin market and to make products of high quality, suggestions are as follows; Firstly, Education of excellent designers and technical workmen, tendency grasp of consumption demands through foregin market survey and establishment of fashion center should be considered. Secondly, in aspect of producing facilities it appeared that most of enterprises had out of dated machines and they produced much small items, so it brought out low production. The production of various items capable of accepting even small amount of order from foregin buyers are demanded from now on. Thirdly, export rout in Korea has unbaisedly occupied in a few countries. Because of diversification of foregin markets, deep concentration about the existing markets and exploitation of new market to export goods of high quality are demanded to fact keen competitive international market.