國民學校 兒童들의 金錢管理實態

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the primary school children's behavior of handling money through the research on the actual condition and at the same time, to furnish the fundamental data to the money management education at school and at home. To do this, I referred documents and get the information through written inquiries. The subject of study is the fifth grades who had already been instructed how to manage the allowance money. I distributed inguiries to 600 children in ten schools within the district office and chose the most suitable 581 guestionnaires as analysis data according to their reasonableness. The statistic treatment is shown by percentage to each items to observe the general trend. The difference among groups is verified by X^(2). 1. School boys and girls of our country spend less than 1,000 Won (75.5%) weekly and boys spend more than girls. Individual differences is big according to their circumstances but mothers' jobs have no connection with it. 94% of the children receive their allowance from their parents. 18.2% of the children have experiences to earn their own pocket money. Boys have more experience than girls. Even 51.4% of the inexperienced students showed their interest to earn money. 2. 61.1% of them receive money irregularly according to the necessity and only 37.9% get them regularly. The percentage of regular allowance is in proportion to their mothers' educational standards and whether or not they keep their house keeping books. Also, the girls get more regular allowance and if their parents discuss with their children, the regular allowance supply ratio becomes higher. 44.4% of them decide the allowance money with their parents. If their mothers' education is higher, they discuss with their children more frequently. Girls discuss more than boys. 62.4% of them share the household duties and 73.2% of them participate in the home economic problems. 81.8% of the students know the allowance money in advance. If the mothers have no jobs and if they write the house keeping books, the ratio of knowing the allowance money in advance is higher. 67% of them keep their allowance money at inappropriate places 90.8% of the children don't write down their allowance records books. But if their mothers keep their house keeping books and give allowance money regularly, the children keep their own allowance record books better. Only 48.4% of them report to their parents after they spend allowance money and that means they need some guidance and instruction about it. 3. Most of the allowance money is spent to buy educational material supplies. 62.2% of them discuss about the spending of allowance money with their parents. The children buy the school supplies by themselves at shops near school and neighbor. 4. If the family supply regular allowance and keep house keeping books, the saving ratio become higher. If the children know the exact allowance money in advance and share the household work and participate in home economic problem, the saving ratio become higher and also they save certain amount of money monthly. The main purpose of saving is to provide against emergencies and 55.7% of them belong to that case. The main reason is to spend that savings when they go to higher educational institution. The method of economize saving is achieved by prudent spending and by saving. The school items such as erasiers, crayons and pencils can be reusable instead of throwing them away. 51.7% of them use pencils until they are worn out. In case of foreign products, 29.8% of them show positive reaction. The reason to use them is receiving then as gifts. It is very difficult to distinguish them from Korean-made products. 5. 88.8% of them satisfied with their allowance money and 49.2% of them are content with spending ways. If they purchase qualified things, they think they spend efficiently. The allowance money management guidance at school gives help to 88.3% of them. 79.9% of them need the school guidance. Preference for the guidance through practical case study method is 0.4%. Through the above research, I suggest the following conclusion. The present education of allowance money management to the school children is wholly lacking. How to use the allowance money wisely is mentioned only at one section of fourth grade practical course book. So the organized and continuous education to allowance money management is badly needed at present situation. To do this, it is prerequisite to give a campaign for enlightenment to both teachers and parents prior to teach children about allowance money management. First of all, the teachers have to have firm belief about money. They must teach the children on the ground of firm belief about money. Boys need such education more than girls because they learn practical course only at primary school. At the same time, the parents must be good example to their children by showing efficient money management and supplying regular allowance money to them. Thus, they have to encourage the savings and the budget practics. The children themselves, too, have to purchase school supplies by themselves and experience to spend allowance money so they can understand the value of money. In addition, we have to respect children as a whole personality and give them strong confidence that they are really members of the family and discuss with them and let them participate in all family matters. This will encourage and contribute to the development of children's ability to manage their own money. It is very important to educate the proper money management education to the school children because the fundamental knowledge and behavior are formed at that age. Thus, by giving them proper education about money management, they can become wise consumer in the future and conduct the sound social life eventually. The main purpose of this study is to assist in educating children in school and home by supplying fundamental material about school children's allowance money management and to emphasize the importance of money management, although there are some weak points in data collecting method and table illustration. Also, there must be another study applied to the pre-school age group. his continuous repetition of slightly varied thematic material. It also shows Milhaud's tendency towards neo-Classicism in that it uses modality, the fauxbourdon style of medieval and Renaissance music, and the ostinato and pedal point which was a common aspect of Baroque music. Milhaud's interest in folk music and his resourcefulness with modern techniques is also apparent in this work. "Scaramouche abounds in the rhythms of Brazilian folk rhythms particularly the samba alond with syncopation, 2nd harmony and the added 6th common to jazz. Furthermore, this piece has also characteristics of French music of the 20th century in its lyrical melody, clear structure, and daintiness.;복잡한 經濟時代를 賢明하게 살아가려면 金錢管理를 效率的으로 하여야 한다. 그러므로 本 硏究에서는 學童期 兒童의 金錢管理 實態를 조사하여 學校와 家庭에서 金錢管理 敎育을 실시할 때 基礎資料를 提供하고자 한다. 이러한 目的을 위해서 첫째, 金錢管理에 관한 一般理論을 文獻硏究에 의해 考察하고, 둘째 學童期 兒童의 金錢管理 의식을 質問紙 實態調査에 의해 밝혔다. 實態調査는 서울市의 7개 敎育區廳관내 10개교의 學生 579명을 對象으로 조사하였다. 質問內容은 용돈의 크기와 出處, 兒童의 金錢에 관한 父母의 金錢管理指導, 용돈의 支出內容, 貯蓄 및 節約態度, 용돈에 對한 滿足度 및 指導등, 一般的인 의식을 알기 위하여 백분율을 낸 후 어머니의 직업 敎育水準, 가계부 사용여부, 兒童의 性別에 따른 상관 관계를 파악하기 위하여 x^(2)에 의해 유의도 검증을 하였다. 文獻硏究에 의해 얻어진 結果는 兒童의 金錢에 관한 의식은 家庭의 변인에 따라 다르게 나타나며 金錢管理能力은 선천적 자질이라기보다는 학습과 經驗에 의해 습득되는 것이다. 本 硏究의 實態調査를 통한 硏究結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 學童期 兒童은 일주일에 1000원 미만을 쓰며 男學生이 더 많은 용돈을 쓰고 있고 個人差가 크며 대부분 父母로부터 용돈을 받고 있다. 2. 不定期的 지급이 많으며 용돈은 父母와 상의하여 決定하고 용돈의 액수는 대부분 예상하고 있으며 용돈 보관은 적절하지 못한 장소에서 이루어진다. 또한 어머니의 敎育水準이 높고 計劃性이 있을수록 兒童도 計劃性있는 용돈 管理를 한다. 3. 용돈支出은 學習資料 구입이 가장 많으며 父母와 상의하여 支出하고 必要한 날 동네나 學校 근처에서 이루어진다. 4. 貯蓄은 급할 때 쓰려고 하는 경우가 많으며 計劃的이고 가정의 일원으로 소속감을 줄 때 저축율이 높다. 또한 알뜰히 써서 節約을 하고 있고 外國商品 使用은 29.8%가 긍정적 반응이며 선물로 인하여 使用하게되며 國産品과 外國商品의 구별이 어렵다. 5. 용돈의 크기에 對한 滿足度는 88.9%이며 용돈 支出에 對한 滿足度는 49.2%이다. 그리고 學校에서 용돈 管理指導가 도움을 주고 있고 必要性을 느끼나 實科 선호도는 아주 저조하다. 이상과 같은 硏究結果로 金錢管理 敎育은 家庭의 敎育行動에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있으며 兒童들은 父母의 영향을 많이 받고 있고 學校에서 指導해 주기를 바라고 있으나 實科敎育은 정체에서 벋어나지 못하고 있으므로 兒童의 金錢管理敎育이 바르게 이루어지기를 바란다면 父母와 교사의 의식 속에 바른 金錢觀을 심는 것이 우선되어야 한다. 또한 용돈은 個人의 환경에 의해 지급되지 말고 兒童의 용돈 적정액을 父母와 兒童의 협조아래 定期的으로 지급되어야 한다. 그리고 용돈기록장을 권장하며 저축과 豫算生活을 장려하여야 한다. 또한 兒童 자신이 直接 日常用品을 구입하고 管理하는 經驗을 하므로써 돈에 대한 가치를 이해시킨다. 또한 兒童을 하나의 人格體로 대접하여 家庭에 소속감을 주어 家庭의 모든일에 상의하고 참가시킨다면 올바른 金錢管理行動 發達에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 그러나 金錢管理 습관은 단시일내에 이루어 지는 것이 아니므로 모든 生活의 기초지식과 습관을 형성하는 學童期 시기에 金錢管理敎育이 必要하며 金錢管理敎育을 함으로써 兒童의 賢明한 消費者가 되고, 나아가 健全한 社會生活을 營爲할 수 있다.