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dc.contributor.author손정숙-
dc.creator손정숙-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-25T04:08:48Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-25T04:08:48Z-
dc.date.issued2005-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000011667-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/178762-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000011667-
dc.description.abstract본 연구는 실험I과 실험 II로 구성되었다. 실험 I에서는 찰보리의 섭취가 고지방 식이로 비만이 유도된 성장기 이후 흰쥐의 지질대사와 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 생후 9개월령 수컷 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley) 80마리를 대상으로 백미를 탄수화물 급원으로 하고 고지방식이(20% fat as w/w)를 1개월간 주어 비만을 유도하였다. 이후 식이 지방 수준을 달리하고(8% fat or 20% fat as w/w) 이를 다시 백미, 현미, 흑미 및 찰보리 군으로 나누어(각 군 당 10마리씩) 2개월간 사육하였다. 백미는 대조군에 사용되었고, 현미와 흑미는 찰보리가 지질대사와 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 사용되었다. 백미, 현미, 흑미, 찰보리 시료 내에 함유되어 있는 총 polyphenols와 flavonoid의 함량을 분석하였고 시료의 total antioxidant status (TAS)를 측정하였다. 실험식이가 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 혈중 총지질, 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 저밀도지단백 (LDL) 콜레스테롤 농도와 간과 변 내 총지질, 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 농도를 측정하였으며 변으로의 bile acids 배설량과 간의 LDL receptor 수준을 측정하였다. 실험동물의 항산화능 변화를 알아보고자 혈중 TAS, 혈장과 간의 지질과산화물 (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) 함량, 신장의 DNA 손상 정도 (8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine 농도), 적혈구와 간의 superoxide dismutase 활성 및 혈장과 간의 xanthine oxidase (XO) 활성을 측정하였다. 시료 중 총 polyphenols함량은 흑미가 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 찰보리, 현미, 백미의 순이었다. 시료 중 총 식이섬유와 수용성 식이섬유의 함량은 찰보리가 가장 높았으며, 총 식이섬유 중 불용성 식이섬유의 함량비는 찰보리가 가장 낮았다. 혈중 총콜레스테롤과 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤의 농도와 간 내 총지질, 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방 식이군이 중지방 식이군 보다 높았다. 간의 LDL receptor 수준은 고지방 식이군이 중지방 식이군에 비하여 낮았다. 혈중 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤의 농도는 찰보리 식이군에서 가장 낮은 경향을 보였으며 변으로의 bile acids 배설량과 간의 LDL receptor 수준은 찰보리 식이군이 백미 식이군 보다 높았다. 고지방 식이군은 중지방 식이(8% fat as w/w)군에 비하여 혈중 TAS는 낮았고 혈장 및 간의 지질과산화물 농도는 높았다. 또한 혈중 XO 활성은 고지방 식이군이 중지방 식이군 보다 높았다. 찰보리와 흑미 식이군들은 백미 식이군에 비하여 혈중 TAS가 높았으며 혈장과 간의 지질과산화물 농도 및 XO 활성이 낮았다. 실험 II는 실험 I에서 지질대사에 가장 유익한 영향을 나타내었고 항산화능도 흑미 수준으로 증진시켰던 찰보리 중에 가장 많이 들어있는 phenolic acids인 p-hydroxybenzoic acid와 ferulic acid가 고콜레스테롤 식이를 먹인 성장기 이후 흰쥐의 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 행하여졌다. 이를 위하여 생후 9개월령 수컷 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley) 20마리를 대조군(1% cholesterol as w/w)과 실험군(3% phenolic acids and 1% cholesterol as w/w)으로 나누어 3주간 사육하였다. 실험식이가 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 혈장, 간 및 변 내 콜레스테롤 농도와 변으로의 bile acids 배설량 그리고 간의 LDL receptor 수준을 측정하였다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도는 p-hydroxybenzoic acid와 ferulic acid가 함유된 식이를 먹은 실험군이 대조군보다 낮았다. 또한 식이에phenolic acids를 첨가하는 것은 변으로의 bile acids 배설량과 간의 LDL receptor 수준을 증가시켰다. 결론적으로 고지방식이는 성장기 이후 비만한 흰쥐의 지질대사와 항산화능을 저하시키는 것으로 보인다. 그리고 곡류 시료 중 수용성 식이섬유가 가장 많이 함유되고 총 polyphenols 함량이 두번째로 높은 찰보리는 지질대사를 가장 증진시켰으며 시료 중 총 polyphenols 함량이 가장 높은 흑미 정도로 항산화능도 향상시켰다. 그러므로 찰보리 식이를 제공함으로써 고지방 식이로 인하여 저하된 지질대사와 항산화능이 증진될 수 있다. 또한 찰보리 중에 주요한 phenolic acids인 p-hydroxybenzoic acid와 ferulic acid의 식이 첨가는 고콜레스테롤 식이를 먹인 흰쥐의 콜레스테롤 대사에 유익한 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들은 찰보리에 함유되어 있는 수용성 식이섬유 성분 이외에 phenolic acids의 작용 또한 찰보리가 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 유익한 효과에 일부 기여 할 수 있음을 제안한다.;This study was composed of Experiment I and Experiment II. Experiment I was designed to determine whether dietary glutinous barley might affect lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in middle-aged rats previously rendered obese by high-fat diets. To induce obesity, total of 80 male nine-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were raised for one month on a diet containing 50% (w/w) well-milled rice powder and 20% (w/w) dietary lipids. Rats were divided into eight groups of 10 and subsequently fed for two months on diets containing well-milled rice, brown rice, black rice or glutinous barley powder, and with 8% (w/w) or 20% (w/w) dietary lipids. Well-milled rice, a cereal considered to be neutral in its effects on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity, was fed to a control group. Brown rice and black rice were fed to compare with the effect of dietary glutinous barley. Grain samples were analyzed for total polyphenols and flavonoids, and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. In the sphere of lipid metabolism, plasma total lipids, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol amounts, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were determined. In addition, liver and fecal total lipid levels, triglyceride concentrations, and total cholesterol amounts were determined. Fecal excretion of bile acids and the liver LDL receptor level were also measured. TAS levels in plasma, lipid peroxide levels in the plasma and liver, cellular DNA damage in the kidney, superoxide dismutase activities in the erythrocyte and liver, and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in the plasma and liver were measured to assess the effect of dietary treatments on antioxidative capacity. The levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and the TAS measurement were highest in black rice powder and were lowest in well-milled rice powder. Glutinous barley was secondary grain in total polyphenols content. The 20% (w/w) fat content diet elevated the concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in rat plasma. Also, total lipids, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in liver were higher than the values seen in animals on the 8% (w/w) fat diet. The hepatic LDL receptor level was downregulated by the consumption of a diet with 20% (w/w) fat, in comparison with the level noted in animals on the 8% (w/w) fat diet. A glutinous barley diet tended to give rise to the lowest plasma concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. The diet with glutinous barley increased fecal excretion of bile acids and upregulated the hepatic LDL receptor. The 20% (w/w) fat diet resulted in reduced TAS levels in plasma and elevated lipid peroxidation in the plasma and liver compared to levels measured in animals fed the 8% (w/w) fat diet. In addition, the 20% (w/w) fat diet increased XO activities in plasma. Diets with glutinous barley and black rice increased rat TAS levels in plasma and decreased lipid peroxidation and XO activities in plasma and liver compared to animals on diets with well-milled rice. Experiment II was designed to examine the effects of the phenolic acids p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid (the primary phenolic acids of waxy barley that was a most effective grain improving the lipid metabolism and was secondary grain increasing the antioxidative capacity in Experiment I) on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. A total of 20 male nine-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups and raised for three weeks on a control diet containing 1% (w/w) cholesterol or on an experimental diet containing 3% (w/w) phenolic acid and 1% (w/w) cholesterol. Cholesterol concentrations of plasma, liver, and feces, the fecal excretion of bile acids, and the liver LDL receptor levels were measured to assess the effect of dietary treatments on cholesterol metabolism. Diets containing the phenolic acids p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid significantly decreased plasma cholesterol concentration. Dietary supplementation with phenolic acids improved the fecal excretion of bile acids and increased the hepatic LDL receptor level. In conclusion, it seems that a high-fat diet deteriorates in lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in obese middle-aged rats. These dietary consequences can be avoided by providing a diet of glutinous barley that was highest in soluble dietary fibers content and second in total polyphenols content. Dietary supplementation with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid, the primary phenolic acids in glutinous barley, may be of benefit to rats fed a high cholesterol diet as cholesterol metabolism is thereby improved. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of dietary glutinous barley on cholesterol metabolism may be partially due to the action of phenolic acids in addition to soluble dietary fibers.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsABSTRACT = viii Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 1 Ⅱ. MATERIALS and METHODS = 6 Experiment I: Effect of Glutinous Barley Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidative Capacity in Obese Middle-Aged Rats = 6 A. Experimental Design = 6 B. Animals and Diets = 8 1. Preparation of grain samples = 8 2. Animals and dietary treatment = 8 C. Specimen Collection = 12 D. Measurements = 14 1. Assay of antioxidant substances in grain samples = 14 1) Total polyphenol content = 14 2) Total flavonoid content = 14 3) Total antioxidant status = 15 2. Assay of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in plasma = 16 3. Assay of lipid metabolism = 17 1) Plasma lipids = 17 (1) Concentration of total lipids = 17 (2) Triglyceride concentration = 17 (3) Cholesterol concentration = 18 2) Liver lipids = 19 (1) Concentration of total lipids = 19 (2) Triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations = 20 3) Fecal excretion of lipids and bile acids = 20 (1) Lipid concentration = 20 (2) Concentration of bile acids = 20 4) LDL receptor level in liver = 22 4. Assay of antioxidative capacity = 25 1) Total antioxidant status in plasma = 25 2) Lipid peroxide concentrations in plasma and liver = 25 (1) Plasma concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances = 25 (2) Concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver = 26 3) Cellular DNA damage in the kidney = 27 4) Superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase activities in whole blood and liver = 31 (1) Superoxide dismutase activities in erythrocyte and liver = 31 (2) Xanthine oxidase activities in plasma and liver 32 E. Statistical Analysis = 34 Experiment II: Effect of Phenolic Acids in Glutinous Barley, p-Hydroxybenzoic and Ferulic Acids, on Cholesterol Metabolism in Middle-Aged Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet = 35 A. Experimental Design = 35 B. Animals and Diets = 36 C. Specimen Collection = 39 D. Measurements = 40 1. Assay of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in plasma = 40 2. Plasma total cholesterol concentration = 40 3. Liver total cholesterol concentration = 40 4. Fecal excretion of lipid = 41 1) Total cholesterol concentration = 41 2) Concentration of bile acids = 41 5. LDL receptor level in liver = 42 E. Statistical Analysis = 45 III. RESULTS = 46 Experiment I: Effect of Glutinous Barley Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidative Capacity in Obese Middle-Aged Rats = 46 A. Antioxidant Substances and Dietary Fibers in Grain Samples = 46 B. Food Consumption, Body Weight Change, Organ Weight, Fecal Excretion, and Plasma AST and ALT Activities of Rats = 49 C. Lipid Metabolism = 55 1. Effect of glutinous barley intake on plasma lipid concentrations in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 55 2. Effect of glutinous barley intake on liver lipid concentrations in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 58 3. Effect of glutinous barley intake on fecal excretion of lipid in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 60 4. Effect of glutinous barley intake on LDL receptor level in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 63 D. Antioxidative Capacity = 65 1. Effect of glutinous barley intake on total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 65 2. Effect of glutinous barley intake on cellular DNA damage in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 67 3. Effect of glutinous barley intake on activities of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase in rats fed diets with different levels of dietary lipid = 69 Experiment II: Effect of Phenolic Acids in Glutinous Barley, p-Hydroxybenzoic and Ferulic Acids, on Cholesterol Metabolism in Middle-Aged Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet = 73 A. Food Consumption, Body Weight Change, Organ Weight, Fecal Excretion, and Plasma AST and ALT Activities in Rats = 73 B. Cholesterol Metabolism = 78 1. Effect of phenolic acid intake on cholesterol concentrations of plasma, liver and feces in rats = 78 2. Effect of phenolic acid intake on bile acids excretion and liver LDL receptor level in rats = 80 IⅤ. DISCUSSION = 81 Experiment I: Effect of Glutinous Barley Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidative Capacity in Obese Middle-Aged Rats = 81 A. Effect of Glutinous Barley Intake on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed Diets with Different Levels of Dietary Lipid = 81 B. Effect of Glutinous Barley Intake on Antioxidative Capacity in Rats Fed Diets with Different Levels of Dietary Lipid = 90 Experiment II: Effect of Phenolic Acids in Glutinous Barley, p-Hydroxybenzoic and Ferulic Acids, on Cholesterol Metabolism in Middle-Aged Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet = 98 V. CONCLUSION = 102 References = 106 국문초록 = 120-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1093193 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleEffect of Glutinous Barley Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidative Capacity in Middle-Aged Rats-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.title.translated찰보리의 섭취가 9개월령 흰쥐의 지질대사와 항산화능에 미치는 영향-
dc.creator.othernameSohn, Jungsook-
dc.format.pagex, 122 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 식품영양학과-
dc.date.awarded2006. 2-
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