韓國 聖像에 關한 考察

Abstract

The Purpose of the Study Although the Catholic religion has been introduced and spread out all over Korea for 200 years, Catholic iconic sculpture still remains in the imitation of that of Europe or in the cheap commercialized state . So Korean iconic sculpture has many problems considering its importance. Therefore this study is conducted in consideration of the importance inherent to the iconic sculpture. The aims of the study is to conduct comparative analysis of Korean Catholic iconic sculptures with the imported foreign iconic sculptures , and to study the Catholic iconic sculptures in the aspect of visual art. The Method Used in the Study 20 Catholic churches in the city of Seoul were selected by the stratified sampling method based on their size, regional and historical diversity. The total of 50 pieces, 10 foreign and 40 Korean original, of sculptures provided by these churches were compared and analyzed according to their countries and their origin. Questionaires were collected from 343 persons who were subjectively selected by the stratified sampling among lay believers , clergymen and members of Catholic Artist Association, and were analyzed by the standard statistical methods. Interviews were made by the sub-standarized interview method to the interviewers classified into priests, nuns and lay believers. The Conclusion of the Study Comparative analysis with foreign iconic sculptures revealed that compared to the Korean works, foreign sculptures displayed definite interpretions of anatomical fundamentality and showed explicit characteristics of the individual artists in contributing to the visual effects. On the contrary Korean works were obscure in their interpretations of anatomical features, overly rigid in their postures, mostly of imitations in their forms, weak in their space construction, and generally showed in-significant formative effects. Answers to the questionaires cellected from lay believers and priests reflected that Korean iconic sculptures lacked a sense of stability and a sense of animation, and they expressed the feeling of dissatisfaction in facial features and in the harmony as a whole. They maintained that the ideal sculptures should be produced by professional artists. The members of the Artist Association pointed out that the artistic aspect of the iconic sculptures should be emphasized more. The opinion of interviews to priests, nuns, and lay believers revealed in common that they hoped Korean style iconic sculptures becoming native with high degrees of artistry. They pointed out that in order to enhance the level of artistic aspect in the iconic sculptures, the clergy as well as the artistis should actively and jointly participate both in construction of cathaderal or churches and in production of religious iconic sculptures. Based on the above consideration, it is concluded that religious iconic sculptures should materialize the formative value which could render high degrees of inspiration as visual forms.;한국에 가톨릭이 전파되어 200여년간 정착되었으나 聖像은 西歐의 模倣이나 商晶化된 경향을 벗어나지 못하기 때문에 聖像의 중요성에 비추어 볼 때 많은 문제가 있다. 本 硏究의 目的은 한국의 가톨릭 聖堂의 聖像을 外國의 聖像과 比較하고 造形的 實態를 考寮하는데 있다. 本 硏究의 方法으로는 韓國聖像을 서울시내에서 지역, 연대, 크기를 고려하여 20개 성당을 目的標出하여 외국10점, 한국40점, 총 50점을 주제별로 분류하여 分析하였다. 질문지는 신자, 성직자, 미술가로 구분하여 210명을 有意標集하여 意見을 물어서 統計處理하였다. 面接은 신부. 수녀. 신자로 구분하여 準標準化 面接을 실시하였다. 本 硏究의 結論을 要約하면 다음과 같다. 外國聖像과의 비교 분석결과 형태 형성에서 外國의 聖像은 人體의 基本形態를 근거로 하였고 作家의 특성이 表現되어 視覺效果가 있으나 한국의聖像은 人體의 기본구조가 애매하며 姿勢가 硬直되어 있고 대부분 模倣 形態로서 空間構成이 약하고 造形效果가 微徵하다. 신자와 성직자들의 질문지를 통한 반응을 보면 성상이 안정감이 없고 운동감이 부족하며 전신의 조화와 얼굴에 불만을 가지고 있다. 바람직한 성상은 예술가가 制作한 성상이어야 한다고 주장하고 있다. 미술가들의 의견은 성상에 예술적 측면이 중시되어야함을 지적하고 있다. 신부, 수녀, 신자들의 면접 분석결과 공통된 의견으로 土着化된 韓國的 聖像으로 작가의 創意性이 있는 예술성이 높은 성상을 원하고 있으며 聖像의 水準을 높이기 위하여 聖職者와 美術家가 연합하여 聖堂建築에서 聖像制作에 이르기까지 적극적으로 參與하여야될 것을 지적 하였다. 以上에서 본바와 같이 성상은 높은 質의 視覺形態로서 깊은 感應을 불러 일으키게 하는 造形的 價値를 具環하여야 한다.