學校事故로 因한 傷害實態 調査 硏究

Abstract

As the number o f school-children increases rapidly, boundary of student activity is narrowing and students are more subjected to injuries. If injury occurs at school, we acn not anticipate the efficacy of education, and in a severe case, one can not participate in the physical activity permanently. The aim of this study is to provide with the fundamental materials required for taking the preventive measures. The subject of this study consists of surveys sampled from 290 students from 12 boys and girls secondary school, who had the episode of traumatic injuries from November 1983 to October 1984, Following the individual analysis of each questionaire, we obtained the following results; 1. These was 1.5 times higher incidence rate of injury during the physical education class than that of other times at school. And the highest incidence of injury in school, outside of physical education class, occured in free time which indicated 50.4%. 2. The highest incidence of injury occured in running. Jumping was the next in order of frequency followed by hand-ball, soccer, and gymnastics. 3. In terms of the type of injury and its relationship with the art of our body concerning the five athlethic items above, running, jumping and soccer had the highest incidence of injury i n sprain, hand-ball in skin injury and hands, and gymnastics in sprain and ankle. The sprain and lower extremities showed the highest incidence of injuries. 4. Regarding the incidence rate of injury by its type, it occured In the order of sprain 24.1%, skin 23.4%, and fracture 4.1%. 5. Regarding the incidence rate of injury by the part of body injured, the highest incidence of injury occurred in hands(16.9%) Ankle joint(16.9%) was the next in order of frequency followed by knee (13.4%), with the highest incidence of injury mostly occured in upper extremity. 6. Regarding the incidence rate of injury by month, May had the highest incidence of injury followed by April, July, and September, and by season, spring, summer, autumn, and winter in order of frequency. As to the incidence of injury by weather, higher incidence of injury(85.9%) occurred in clear day which indicated 15 times higher than that of cloudy, snowying, and wet day. 7. The person who provided with the first nursing care was fellow friends which showed as high as 56.2%. In terms of place of treatment, 39% of injury was treated at nursing room and house, next 26% at general surgical clinic followed by 11% at orthopedic surgical clinic. Considering the period of treatment, 54.8% took less than. a week, 18.3% more than a week and less than 2 week, and 11% more than 4 weeks. 8. Regarding the place where injury occurred, play ground had the highest incidence of injury which marked 67.3% followed by class room, 10%, and gymnasium, 8.6% . 9. As to the satisfaction by students with the physical education facilities, 57.6% responded to be average, 36.9% unsatisfactory. 10. In terms of recovery after injury, 51.8% experienced no changes. 11. As to the cause of injury, lack of warming up exercise, and carelessness realized to be the major came of injury which recorded as high as 26.9%. Regarding preventive measures recommended by students, 20.5% suggested recovary from fatigue, 19.5% improvement of equipment', facilities and environment, 18% increase of practice and warming up, and 15.5% concentration.;急激한 敎育人口의 增加와 더불어 學生들의 活動領域이 좁아짐에 따라 學校生活 全般에 걸친 傷害發生 可能性이 높아지고 있다. 學校生活 中 어떤原因에 依해서든지 傷害가 發生한다면 敎育의 效果는 期待할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 심한 境遇, 다시 活動에 參與할 수 없는 結果를 招來할 수 있다. 따라서 本 硏究는 學校生活 中 발생한 傷害實態를 調査하여, 傷害豫防에 必要한 基礎資料를 提供하는데 그 目的이 있다. 이러한 目的을 遂行하기 위하여 서울시내 男子中學校, 女子中學校, 男子高等學校, 女子高等學校, 12個校에서 1983年 11月부터 1984年 10月까지 만 1年동안 傷害發生 經驗이 있는 學生 290名을 對象으로 調査紙를 利用하여 調査한 結果, 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 體育授業時間 中의 傷害發生率이 體育授業時間 外의 傷害發生率보다 1.5배 높게 나타났으며, 體育授業時間 外의 學校生活 中에서 특히 자유시간이 50.4 %로 傷害發生率에 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 全體 18個 連動種目 中 傷害發生率이 높은 種目은 달리기, 뜀뛰기, 핸드보올, 축구, 기계체조의 順으로 나타났다. 3. 傷害發生率이 높은 5個 運動種目의 傷害部位 및 傷害種類와의 關係를보면, 달리기, 뜀뛰기, 축구에서는 捻挫와 足關節部, 핸드보올은 皮膚損傷과 手部, 기계체조는 捻挫와 足關節部로 捻挫와 下肢의 傷害가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 傷害種類別 發生率은 捻挫 24.1%, 皮膚損傷 23.4%, 骨折 14.1%의 順으로 나타났다. 5. 身體部位別 傷害發生率은 手部 16.9%, 足關節部 14%, 膝部 13.4%의 順이며 上肢의 傷害가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 6. 月別 傷害의 發年은 5月, 4月, 7月, 9月의 順이고 季節別 傷害發生은 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울의 順이며, 日氣別 傷害發生率은 맑은 날이 85.9%로 흐리고 눈·비가 온 날의 傷害發生率보다 15배 많은 것으로 나타났다. 7. 傷害가 發生했을때 제일 처음 응급처치로 看護를 擔當한 사람은 同僚로써 56.2%의 높은 率을 나타내었다. 傷害治療機關은 양호실, 집 39%, 一般外科 26%, 整形外科 11%의 順으로 나타났으며, 傷害治療期關은 1주일 미만이 54.8%, 1주이상∼ 2주미만이 18.3%, 4주이상이 11%로 나타났다. 8. 傷害發生場所는 運動場이 67.3 %로 가장 높고 敎室 10%, 體育館 8.6%로 나타났다. 9. 學校內의 運動施設에 對한 學生들의 滿足度는 普通이 57.6% 불만 36.9%로 나타났다. 10. 傷害治療後의 回復狀態는 變化없음이 51.8%로 높게 나타났다. 11. 傷害發生의 原因條件은 練習, 準備運動不足 및 不注意가 26.9%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 學生自身이 생각하는 傷害豫防法은 疲勞回復 20.5%, 機具, 裝備, 施設 等 環境의 改善 19.5%, 연습, 준비운동 시간 증가 18%, 注意力 集中 15.5%의 順으로 나타났다.