β-CD-MOF/MOF-801-integrated catalytic cellulose acetate mixed-matrix membranes for adsorption assisted H2O2 activation and ibuprofen removal

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (IBP) are persistent pharmaceutical pollutants that are difficult to remove using conventional water treatment processes. In this study, biodegradable cellulose acetate-based mixed-matrix membranes incorporating metal-organic framework (MOF)-801 and beta-cyclodextrin-MOF were developed for adsorption-assisted catalytic degradation of IBP. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the successful incorporation of both MOFs into the membrane matrix and demonstrated improved structural and surface properties. Among the fabricated membranes, CMB-5 achieved the highest IBP removal efficiency of 97.08% under optimized adsorption and H2O2 activation conditions. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified degradation intermediates, while electron spin resonance confirmed generation of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, indicating reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation. Dead-end filtration experiments demonstrated stable permeate flux and excellent antifouling performance in the presence of humic acid. Furthermore, CMB-5 retained more than 87% removal efficiency after five adsorption-regeneration cycles, demonstrating reusability and structural stability. These findings demonstrate that (3-CD-MOF/MOF801-integrated catalytic mixed-matrix membranes provide a sustainable and efficient platform for pharmaceutical contaminant removal and advanced water purification. Their combined adsorption and catalytic functions enhance treatment efficiency, while maintaining stability, making them promising candidates for practical wastewater treatment and environmental remediation applications targeting emerging organic contaminants in water systems.