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A Modular Multi-Cargo Nanoplatform with Antibody Conjugation for T Cell Delivery

Title
A Modular Multi-Cargo Nanoplatform with Antibody Conjugation for T Cell Delivery
Authors
김민영
Issue Date
2026
Department/Major
대학원 화공신소재공학과
Keywords
lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle, multi-cargo delivery, antibody conjugation, non-viral gene delivery, T cell
Publisher
이화여자대학교 대학원
Degree
Master
Advisors
주계일
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the principal effector cells of adaptive immunity, yet they rank among the cell types most refractory to non-viral gene delivery. This thesis reports the design, fabrication, and biological evaluation of the Polymer-Lipid Nano Complex (PLNC), a modular lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle that integrates three structurally distinct cargo classes within a single particle and presents a chemically defined handle for antibody-mediated targeted delivery. PLNC was produced via a W/O/W double-emulsion solvent-evaporation process. A stepwise assembly of the platform was verified by physicochemical characterization. Encapsulation efficiency was measured for both the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic compartments and confirmed that the two cargoes were loaded together at comparable levels within one particle. The consistent changes of hydrodynamic size and surface zeta potential observed at each step confirmed successful lipid coating and antibody conjugation. The particles remained colloidally stable in PBS over an extended incubation, and calcium release was sustained and reached a defined endpoint, indicating that the platform retained its structural integrity while releasing its ionic cargo in a controlled manner. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that the small-molecule and ionic cargo delivered by PLNC remained biologically active after intracellular release, since the effector cytokines were clearly induced, while the upstream regulators stayed close to cell-only levels. This pattern indicated that the platform activated the T cells while preserving the homeostatic state of the cells rather than imposing a stress response. Flow cytometry showed that PLNC and its antibody-conjugated form delivered plasmid DNA into EL4 T cells far more effectively than a free PEI-DNA polyplex of matched composition, achieving a substantial improvement in non-viral transfection of a suspension T cell line that is widely recognized as refractory to gene delivery. This outcome was attributed to the integrated action of nucleic acid condensation, polymer-matrix protection, lipid-mediated cellular uptake, and endosomal escape within a single particle. Taken together, these results establish PLNC as a structurally verified, antibody-graftable, and T cell-compatible multi-cargo nanoplatform, and support the parallel engagement of multiple molecular pathways within one particle as a design principle for non-viral T cell gene delivery.;T세포는 비바이러스성 유전자 전달에 가장 저항성이 높은 세포 유형 중 하나로 꼽힌다. 본 논문은 구조적으로 서로 다른 세 가지 치료제를 단일 입자 내에 봉입하고, 항체 매개 표적 전달을 위한 화학적 작용기를 표면에 제시하는 모듈형 지질-고분자 하이브리드 나노 입자인 Polymer-Lipid Nano Complex(PLNC)의 설계, 제조 및 생물학적 평가를 목적으로 한다. 소수성 및 친수성 약물 모두에 대해 봉입 효율을 측정한 결과, 두 종류의 화물이 입자 내에 유사한 수준으로 함께 탑재됨을 확인하였다. 고분자 코어, PLNC, 항체 접합 형태에 걸쳐 유체역학적 크기와 표면 제타 전위를 단계별로 추적하였으며, 각 단계에서 관찰된 일관된 변화를 통해 지질 코팅 및 항체 접합이 성공적으로 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. 또한 정량적 RT-PCR을 통해 사이토카인의 발현이 명확하게 유도된 반면 상위 조절인자는 세포 단독 수준에 근접하게 유지되었다. 이러한 양상은 플랫폼이 스트레스 반응을 유발하지 않고 세포의 항상성 상태를 보존하면서 T세포를 활성화함을 시사한다. 유세포 분석 결과 부유성 T세포주에서 비바이러스성 형질주입 효율의 실질적인 향상을 달성하였다. 이 결과는 핵산 응축, 고분자 기질 보호, 지질 매개 세포 흡수, 엔도솜 탈출이 단일 입자 내에서 통합적으로 작용한 데 기인하는 것으로 해석된다. 이러한 결과들은 PLNC가 향후 in vivo CAR-T와 같은 면역 세포 표적 유전자 치료제를 위한 모듈형 나노 플랫폼으로서 활용 가능함을 시사한다.
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