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๐…๐ŸŽ-hadron Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at โˆš๐’”๐‘ต๐‘ต = ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ ๐‘ฎ๐’†๐‘ฝ with PHENIX at RHIC

Title
๐…๐ŸŽ-hadron Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at โˆš๐’”๐‘ต๐‘ต = ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ ๐‘ฎ๐’†๐‘ฝ with PHENIX at RHIC
Authors
๊น€ํƒœํฌ
Issue Date
2022
Department/Major
๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ
Publisher
์ดํ™”์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์›
Degree
Master
Advisors
ํ•œ์ธ์‹

๊น€์ •๋ฆฌ
Abstract
It is expected that our universe had existed as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) state in the early time right after the Big Bang. The QGP is the deconfined state of quarks and gluons, sometimes compared to a hot dense soup, which is predicted by the asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics. By researching the properties of the QGP, we can indirectly probe what the baby universe was like. The reproduction of the QGP can be acquired from the โ€œMini Bangโ€ in the collider such as Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This thesis uses the data of Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV that were obtained by using the PHENIX detectors at RHIC in 2016. In such heavy-ion collisions, scattered partrons produce the collinear bunch of particles named jet. In the presence of the QGP, scattered partons can be modified due to the strong interaction, thus changing the properties of the resulting jet. By researching this phenomenon known as โ€œjet modificationโ€, the properties of the QGP can be studied. For that analysis, this thesis examines ฯ€^0-hadron correlations, which are azimuthal angle differences between ฯ€^0 and hadrons. Moreover, the data of p+p collisions at 200 GeV are analyzed and used as the reference. As a result, we observe the tendency of the double ratio R_I to decrease and the tendency of the ratio of the widths of jet signal peaks to increase, as the events go central. In conclusion, we could discover the existence of the jet modification in heavy-ion collisions, and the fact that the jet modification depends on the size of the QGP. The results are consistent with the results from previous work using the data of Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV that were obtained by using the PHENIX detectors at RHIC in 2014.;๋น…๋ฑ… ์งํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” QGP(Quark-Gluon Plasma/์ฟผํฌ-๊ธ€๋ฃจ์˜จ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ) ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. QGP๋ž€ ์ฟผํฌ์™€ ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์˜จ์ด ์†๋ฐ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜ํ”„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ž์ƒ‰๋™์—ญํ•™(QCD)์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์ ๊ทผ์  ์ž์œ (asymptotic freedom)์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•ด์„œ QGP์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. QGP์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์•„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. QGP๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ค‘์ด์˜จ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ(RHIC)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž…์ž ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” "๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฑ…(Mini Bang)"์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2016๋…„ RHIC์˜ PHENIX ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ ์ด์˜จ((_ ^197)ใ€–Auใ€—^(79+) )์„ 200 GeV๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์ด์˜จ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํŒŒํ†ค๋“ค์ด ์‚ฐ๋ž€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ํ•œ ํŒŒํ†ต๋“ค์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ์˜ ์ž…์ž ๋ฌถ์Œ์ธ ์ œํŠธ(jet)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. QGP๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฐ๋ž€๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‚˜ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ QGP ๋งค์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ†ค๋“ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ œํŠธ(jet)๋„ QGP ๋งค์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ œํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•(jet modification)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ QGP์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํŒŒ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ž(ฯ€^0)์™€ ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ธ ฯ€^0-๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„(ฯ€^0-hadron correlations)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž(p)๋ฅผ 200 GeV๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก(central) ์ด์ค‘ ๋น„์œจ์ธ R_I๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œํŠธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ค‘์ด์˜จ ์ถฉ๋Œ์—์„œ ์ œํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ ์ œํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 2014๋…„์— ์‹œํ–‰๋œ PHENIX์˜ 200 GeV ๊ธˆ ์ด์˜จ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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