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dc.contributor.advisor오억수-
dc.contributor.author정혜정-
dc.creator정혜정-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T04:08:05Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T04:08:05Z-
dc.date.issued2015-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000115997-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/212975-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000115997-
dc.description.abstractSyndecan-2, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is highly expressed in melanoma cells, regulates melanoma cell functions (e.g., migration). Since melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, which largely function to synthesize melanin, I investigated the possible involvement of syndecan-2 in melanogenesis. Syndecan-2 expression did not affect the expression of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, but instead enhanced the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase by increasing the membrane and melanosome localization of its regulator, protein kinase CbII. Furthermore, UVB caused increased syndecan-2 expression, and this up-regulation of syndecan-2 was required for UVB-induced melanin synthesis. To investigate correlation between syndecan-2 and melanogenic compound, I had screened melanogenic regulatory compounds. Interestingly, I found that topical tacrolimus (FK506) that is widely used to treat vitiligo enhanced syndecan-2 expression. FK506 treatment increased the melanin contents (especially that of eumelanin) in both melanocytes and melanoma cells. This treatment did not affect the transcription levels of tyrosinase, but increased cellular levels of tyrosinase in both melanocytes and melanoma cells. FK506 also induces melanosome maturation by increasing intracellular pH, thereby enhancing the stability of melanosome-localized tyrosinase, and facilitates the transfer of mature melanosomes to keratinocytes under co-treatment with UVB. Therefore, these findings suggest that FK506 contributes to melanin synthesis by regulating the maturation of melanosomes and their transfer to keratinocytes. Besides, FK506 promotes migration of melanocytes. Surprisingly, FK506 enhances expression of syndecan-2 and this enhancement promotes activation of FAK and MMP14 expression, leading to increase migration in melanoma cells. In addition, FK506 increases tyrosinase activity by syndecan-2 mediated localization of PKCbII. These results suggest that FK506 enhances migration of melanoma cells and pigmentation through syndecan-2 expression. Taken together, this research strongly suggests that syndecan-2 regulates melanin synthesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for treating melanin-associated diseases.;멜라닌세포는 표피 기저층에 존재하며, 주변에 있는 케라틴세포의 영향을 받아 피부색소인 멜라닌을 만들어 낸다. 특히 자외선에 피부가 노출되면, 멜라닌세포는 멜라닌을 멜라닌소체에서 합성하고 가지돌기를 형성한다. 그러면 합성된 멜라닌소체가 가지돌기를 통해 케라틴세포로 이동하여 피부를 보호하고, 이동된 멜라닌소체에 의해 피부색이 결정된다. 신데칸-2은 세포표면에 존재하는 세포결합 수용체이며, 색소합성이 높은 흑생종에서 발현이 증가되어있다. 신테칸-2를 악성흑생종 세포주와 멜라닌 세포에 과발현시켰을 때 멜라닌 합성이 증가하였으며,si-RNA에 의한 신데칸-2 knockdown에서는 멜라닌 합성이 억제되었다. 이러한 멜라닌 합성과정에서 신데칸-2는 PKCbII의 활성증가를 매개하여, tyrosinase의 활성을 촉진하였다. 게다가 자외선을 멜라닌세포에 조사하였을 때 신데칸-2 발현이 증가하였으며, 그로 인한 멜라닌 합성 증가를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 신데칸-2가 멜라닌세포에서 자외선에 의한 멜라닌 합성기전에 관여하고 있으며, 색소질환과 관련된 새로운 타겟이 될 수 있음을 제시한다. FK506은 면역억제제로서 백반증 치료제로 사용되며, 멜라닌세포에서 멜라닌 합성과 세포이동성을 증가시킨다고 알려져 있다. 악성흑색종 세포에 FK506을 처리하였을 때, 멜라닌 합성과 tyrosinase 양이 증가하였다. 그러나 이 증가는 DNA전사과정과는 관련이 없었다. 그러나 FK506은 멜라닌소체의 pH를 증가시켜 성숙 정도를 촉진하였고, 그로 인해 tyrosinase가 안정화되어 양이 증가할 수 있게 기여하였다. 또한, FK506은 자외선에 의해 멜라닌소체가 케라틴세포로 이동되는 것을 촉진하였다. 홍미롭게도 FK506은 악성흑색종 세포주인 B16F10세포에서 세포의 이동성을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 신데칸-2의 발현 또한 증가시켰다. 그리고 FK506은 focal adhesion 형성 및 MMP 발현을 촉진시켰으며, 이러한 증가는 si-신데칸-2에 의해 억제되었다. 이러한 결과는 FK506이 신데칸-2의 발현을 통하여 세포의 이동성을 조절하고 있음을 제시한다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 신데칸-2가 멜라닌합성을 조절하며, 색소질환 치료의 조절 기전으로 이용될 수 있음을 제시한다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I 16 I. INTRODUNCTION 17 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20 1. Antibodies and materials 20 2. Cell culture and transfection 20 3. Immunohistochemical staining 21 4. Immunofluorescence analysis 21 5. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation 22 6. Flow Cytometry 23 7. Quantification of melanin 23 8. RNA extraction and RT-PCR 24 9. RNA interference 24 10. Tyrosinase activity assays 25 11. GST pull-down assay 26 12. Isolation of intracellular melanosomes 26 13. UVB Irradiation 27 14. Statistical Analysis 27 III. RESULTS 28 1. Syndecan-2 is expressed in human skin melanoma tissues 28 2. Syndecan-2 regulates melanin synthesis 30 3. Syndecan-2 regulates tyrosinase activity but not tyrosinase expression 33 4. Syndecan-2 regulates melanin synthesis by changing the localization of PKCβII. 37 5. Syndecan-2 expression enhances the melanosome localization of PKCβII. 41 6. UVB increases the expression of syndecan-2 43 7. Screening of melanogenic compounds 47 8. FK506 increase tyrosinase activity by syndecan-2-mediated localization of PKCβII. 49 IV. DISCUSSION 51 CHAPTER II 55 I. INTRODUCTION 56 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 58 1. Materials and antibodies 58 2. Cell culture and transfection 58 3. RNA extraction and RT-PCR 59 4. Immunoblotting 59 5. Quantification of melanin 60 6. Tyrosinase activity assays 60 7. Isolation of intracellular melanosomes 61 8. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 61 9. Intracellular pH 62 10. Melanosome secretion and uptake 62 11. UVB irradiation and Coculture 63 12. Statistical Analysis 63 III. RESULTS 64 1. FK506 increases melanin synthesis 64 2. FK506 mediates melanin synthesis by increasing the levels of tyrosinase. 66 3. FK506 mediates the hyperpigmentation of melanoma cells by promoting melanosome maturation 70 4. FK506 promotes melanosome maturation by increasing melanosomal pH 74 5. FK506 promotes melanogenesis in melanocytes 77 6. FK506 and UVB irradiation have synergistic effects on melanosome transfer 80 IV. DISCUSSION 85 CHAPTER III 90 I. INTRODUNCTION 91 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 93 1. Materials and antibodies 93 2. Cell culture and transfection 93 3. Transwell migration and wound healing assay 93 4. Immunoblotting 94 5. Flow Cytometry 94 6. RNA interference 95 7. Luciferase assay 95 III. RESULTS 97 1. FK506 stimulates cell migration 97 2. FK506 increases syndecan-2 expression in melanoma cells 99 3. FK506 increases cell migration through syndecan-2 expression on melanoma cells 101 4. FK506 increases cell migration through FAK and MMP14 103 IV. DISCUSSION 105 DISCUSSION 107 REFERENCES 115 논문개요 136-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3179135 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleThe function of Syndecan-2 in regulation of melanogenesis-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pagex, 137 p.-
dc.contributor.examiner강상원-
dc.contributor.examiner김재상-
dc.contributor.examiner임경민-
dc.contributor.examiner장성은-
dc.contributor.examiner오억수-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명과학과-
dc.date.awarded2015. 8-
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