國民學校 正常兒童과 特殊(精薄)兒童의 欲求挫折에 對한 反應 比較

Abstract

Through the comparative study of psychological characteristics in nomal and educable children, this study has been aimed at finding out various fectors affecting their social adjustments, and also at understanding their character make-up, adaptation mechanisms, and finally contributing in diagnosing and counseling of the problem cases at school and clinic as well. One hundred and twenty eight normal children and one hundred and five educable children of seven elementary schools in Seoul City were studied by means of Picture-Frustration Test of Kim Tai Ryun's (for children), and the results were analyzed and evaluated by scoring system of Kim's P.F.T. The results were as follows: 1. Direction of Aggression The response of extrapunitiveness was found to be higher in normal children them in educable children, while the response of intrapunitiveness was found to be not significant. The response of impunitiveness was found to the higher in educable children than in normal children, which accounts for the fact that they have more tendency to suppress their emotion and also they have tolerant and apathetic attitude toward others 2. Reaction type Obstacle-Dominance (O-D) scores were higher in normal children which fact means that normal children are very sensitive to obstacle (E'). Ego-Defense (E-D) scores were higher in educable children, while N-P scores which shows the desire of problem-soulution were lower in them. 3. Super-ego factor E, I, E + I, M+I scores were shown to be lower in educable children than in normal children. This result means that they can neither deny nor rationalize themselves toward others' criticism, thus leading to social immaturity since they can't defend self and others. 4. Group Conformity Ratio (G.C.R.) was found to be higher and significant in educable children.;本 硏究는 그림좌절검사를 통하여 국민학교의 정상아동과 특수(정박)아동의 심리적 특성을 비교 분석하여 그들의 성격 특성과 적응 기제를 이해하고 敎育的으로나 臨床面에서도 心理를 診斷하며 相談指導하는데 도움을 주고자 한다. 本 硏究의 對象은 서울 시내 7個 國民學校의 正常兒童 128名과 特殊(精薄)兒童 105名으로 하였다. 檢査 道具로 金 泰蓮의 兒童用 「그림좌절검사」^(1)를 使用하였고 그의 검사 채점기준표를 기준으로 分析하여 다음과 같은 硏究 結果를 抽出하였다. 1. 攻擊의 方向別 外罰的(E) 反應은 正常兒童이 特殊(精薄)兒童에 比해 더 높은 반응을 보이고 內罰的(I) 反應은 두 集團間의 有意한 差異가 없다. 한편 無罰的(M) 反應은 特殊(精薄)兒童이 더 높은 반응을 보이는데 이는 자기 감정을 억압하는 경향이 더 높으며 他人에 對해 관용 내지 무관심의 태도를 보임을 意味한다. 2. 反應의 型別 正常兒童이 O-D점수가 높아 障碍感(E´)을 예민하게 받아들이고 特殊(精薄)兒童은 自己를 방어하는 경향이 높게 반응했고 문제를 해결하려는 의욕인 N-P점수는 낮은 반응을 했다. 3. 超自我 因子別 正常兒童에 比해 特殊(精薄)兒童이 E_, I_, E_+I_, M+I_ 점수가 모두 낮은 반응을 보였다. 이는 外部의 非難에 對해 적극적인 否認도 못하고 자기 변명도 못하는, 즉 자기와 타인을 보호 못하는 사회적 발달의 미성숙성을 보여 주었다. 4. 集團 一致度 점수는 特殊(精薄)兒童이 높게 반응하였고 두 集團間에 有意한 差가 있다.