兒童服의 選好디자인 特性 및 性格과의 相關硏究

Abstract

本 硏究의 目的은 兒童들의 衣服 디자인 選好性을 把握함과 동시에 性格과의 相關關係를 比較 分析함으로써 兒童의 性別·社會階層 및 性格 類型에 따른 適合한 衣服 디자인을 提供하는데 있다. 實證的 硏究는 서울시내에 所在한 4個 國民學校의 6學年 男女 兒童을 性別 및 社會階層別로 區分하여 標集한 212名을 對象으로하였다. 檢査道具로는 性格 檢査를 위해 Dr. Saul Rosenzweig의 挫折 理論에 基礎를 둔 金 泰蓮의 그림좌절검사( Picture - Frustration Test, 兒童用)을 使用하였으며, 衣服 디자인 選好性 檢査를 위해 本 硏究者가 만든 說問紙 및 7個의 圖板으로 構成된 參考用 3부를 使用 하였다. 硏究 資料에 對한 統計처리는 SPSS Package를 使用하여 빈도분포·백분율·평균·표준편차· X^(2)검증·t-검증 및 F-검증을 하여 分析하였다. 本 硏究의 資料 分析 結果는 다음과 같다. 本 硏究對象의 一般的 性格 傾向을 보면,標準集團에 비해 「外罰方向」·「無罰方向」 및 「障害 優位型」에서 높은 점수를, 「內罰方向」·「要求 固執型」에서 낮은 점수를, 「自我 防禦型」에서는 비슷한 점수 傾向을 나타냈다. 性別과 性格과는 相關性이 없었고, 社會階層과는 「要求 固執型」에서 相關性을 나타내어 下流層 兒童集團의 問題解決意慾이 높았다. 兒童服의 選好 디자인과 性別·社會階層과의 關係를 보면, 1. 色相別로 比較한 結果, 노랑계열과 무채색계열 中 흰색을 選好하고, 무채색계열 中 검정과 빨강계열을 嫌惡하였다. 특히 자주계열 中 보라는 選好色으로, 남보라는 嫌惡色으로 나타났다. 社會階層과 選好色에서 相關性을 보여 上流層 兒童은 파랑계열을, 下流層 兒童은 嫌惡色인 빨강계열을 보다 選好하였다. 2. 明度 및 彩度別로 比較한 結果, 高明度·高彩色를 選好하고, 低明度·中彩度를 嫌惡하였다. 明度 및 彩度와 性別과의 關係에서만 相關性을 보여 男兒는 中明度·低彩度를, 女兒는 高明度·高彩度를 보다 選好하였다. 3.暖寒色및 調和色別로 比較한 結果, 暖色과 對比色을 選好하였다. 社會階層과 暖寒色의 關係에서만 相關性을 보여 上流層 兒童은 寒色을, 下流層 兒童은 暖色을 選好하였다. 4. 質感別로 比較한 結果, 부드러운 質感을 選好하고 하늘거리고 깔깔한 質感을 嫌惡하였다. 性別과 選好 質感의 關係에서만 相關性을 보여 男兒는 무겁고 뻣뻣한 質感을, 女兒는 매끄럽고 광택있는 質感을 보다 選好하였다. 5. 紋樣有無別로 比較한 結果, 紋樣이 있는 衣服을 選好하였다. 社會階層과의 關係에서만 相關性을 보여 上流層 兒童은 紋樣이 없는 衣服을, 下流層 兒童은 紋樣이 있는 衣服을 보다 選好하였다. 6. 紋樣別로 比較한 結果, 人工物紋樣·과일紋樣·동물紋樣의 順位로 選好하였고 줄紋樣·抽象紋樣·無紋樣의 順位로 嫌惡하였다. 性別 및 社會階層과 紋樣과는 相關性을 보여 男兒는 人工物紋樣의 選好가 높고 줄紋樣의 嫌惡가 높은 반면 女兒는 과일紋樣·동물紋樣의 選好가 높고 抽象紋樣의 嫌惡가 높았다. 또 上流層 兒童은 抽象紋樣을, 下流曆 兒童은, 줄紋樣과 無紋樣을 보다 嫌惡하였다. 7. 紋樣系列別로 比較한 結果, 自然的紋樣을 특히 選好하었고 抽象紋樣을 嫌惡하였다. 男兒는 人工物紋樣을, 女兒는 幾何學的紋樣을 보다 選好하였다. 또 上流層 兒童은 抽象紋樣을, 下流層 兒童은 無紋樣과 幾何學的紋樣을 嫌惡하였다. 8. 스타일 別로 比較한 結果, 男女兒 공통적으로 T-셔츠와 긴바지의 着用을 選好하였다. 9. 어머니의 選擇에 對한 兒童의 衣服 着用度別로 比較한 結果, 대부분의 兒童은 50 %정도 어머니의 意見을 수용하였다. 性別과 着用度의 關係에서만 相關性을 보여 어머니와 相値될 경우 男兒는 順從的인 반면 女兒는 拒否的인 傾向을 보였다. 兒童服의 選好 디자인과 性格과의 關係를 보면, 1. 色相別로 比較한 結果, 자주계열을 嫌惡하는 兒童集團은 「外罰反應」이 높아 比較的 攻擊的이며, 노랑계열을 嫌惡하는 兒童集團은 「無罰反應」이 높아 他人에 對한 寬容性이 높게 나타났다. 2. 明度·彩度別로 比較한 結果, 低明度를 選好하는 兒童集團은 「外罰反應」이 높아 比較的 攻擊的이며, 中明度를 選好하는 兒童集團은 「要求固執反應」이 높아 挫折에 직면시 問題解決意慾이 높게 나타났다. 3. 暖寒色 및 調和色別로 比較한 結果, 對比色을 選好하는 兒童集團은 「外罰反應」이 높아 攻擊性이 높게 나타났다. 4. 質感別로 比較한 結果, 무겁고 뻣뻣한 質感을 嫌惡하는 兒童 集團은 「自我防禦反應」이 높아 自身을 固守하는 傾向이 높게 나타났다. 5. 紋樣有無別로 比較한 結果, 性格과의 相關性이 없이 비슷한 傾向을 나타냈다. 6. 紋樣系列別로 比較한 結果, 文字紋樣을 選好하는 兒童集團은 「外罰反應」이 높아 攻擊的이며, 無紋樣을 選好하는 兒童集團은 「內罰反應」·「無罰反應」이 높아 自身의 잘못한 行動에 對한 反省과 他人에 對한 寬容性이 높게 나타났다. 또 文字紋樣을 嫌惡하는 兒童集團은 「無罰反應」이 높아 역시 寬容性이 높게 나타났다. 7. 스타일別로 比較한 결과, T-셔츠와 바지의 着用을 選好하는 女兒集團은 「外罰反應」이 높아 攻擊的이며, 블라우스와 치마의 着用을 選好하는 女兒集團은 「無罰反應」이 높아 寬容性이 높게 나타났다. 8. 어머니의 選擇에 對한 兒童의 衣服 着用度別로 比較한 結果 어머니가 選擇해 준 衣服을 완전히 拒否하는 兒童集團은 「外罰反應」이 높아 比較的 攻擊的이고, 衣服 着用에 있어 항상 順從的인 兒童集團은 「內罰反應」·「無罰反應」이 높아 反省度와 寬容精神이 높게 나타났다.;The purpose of this present study is not only to investigate mutual relationship between a favorable design of clothing and the nature, but to offer clothing designs for desirably developing the nature of children, especially of elementary school. And the practical research was performed for 212 elementary pupils who are in elementary schools located in Seoul and are selected according to their sex and social class. This study used Kim Tae-Ryon's picture-Frustration Test which based on Dr. Saul Rosenzweigs Frustration Theory for the test of nature, while for the favorable design of clothing used the questionnaire and the sample paper which is showed to children. For statistical treatment of research materials SPSS Package was used. and analyzed through frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, x^(2)-test, t-test and F-test. From the results of material analysis, this inspection group ranked higher in case of Extrapunitiveness, Impunitiveness and Obstacle-Dominance, and lower in case of Intropunitiveness and Need-Persistence than the standard group, but similar acore in case of Ego-Defense. There was no relationship between sex and nature, while social class and nature was related to Need-persistence and so lower-class children had a higher power of solving problems. The Relationship among favorable clothing design, sex and social class are as follows: 1. In colour, yellow series and white among non-colouring series were favored, while black among non-colouring series and red series were disgusted. Especially among sensational colours lilac was favored, but fluorite violet disgusted. From relationship between social class and favorable colour upper-class children liked respectively blue, series, lower-class children liked red series. 2. In value and chroma, high value and chroma were favored, but low value and middle chroma were disgusted. 3. In warm-cold colour and harmony colour, warm colour and contrasting color were favored. From relationship between warm-cold colour and social class upper-class children liked cold colour, while lower-class children liked warm colour. 4. In texture, soft one is favored, but rough is disgusted. From relationship between flavorable texture and sex, boys liked respectively heavy and rough texture, while girls liked respectively soft and shiny texture. 5. In pattern, patterned clothes are favored. From relationship between pattern and social class, upper-class children liked respectively no-patterned clothes, while lower-class children liked respectively patterned clothes. Human-made, fruit and animal patterns are favored, but striped, abstract and no patterns disgusted. From the relationship between pattern and sex, social class, boys liked human-made pattern and disgusted striped one, while girls liked fruit, animal pattern and disgusted abstract one. And upper-class children disgusted abstract pattern , while lower-class children disgusted striped or no patterns. Natural patterns are especially favored, but abstract disgusted. From the relationship between pattern series and sex, social class, boys liked respectively human-made pattern, while girls liked respectively geometrical pattern. And upper-class children disgusted respectively abstract pattern, while lower-class children disgusted respectively geometrical and no patterns. 6. In style, all of boys and girls favored T-shirts and long pants. 7. From relationship between mother's clothing choices and children's attitude, most of children agreed mother's choice about 50 percentage. When children was contray to their mothers in choice of clothes, boys obeid, but girls refused. The Relationships between favorable clothing design of children and their nature are followed. 1. In colour, children group who disgust purple series scored high in type of Extrapunitiveness and were aggressive, while children group who disgust yellow series scored high in type of Impunitiveness and were generous to other people. 2. In value and chroma, children group who favour low-value scored high in type of Extrapunitiveness ana were aggressive, but mid-value group score high in Need-persistence and they had a high power of solving problems. 3. In warm-cold color and harmony colour, children group who favor contrasting colour scored high in Extrapunitiveness and were so aggressive. 4. In texture, children group who disgusted a heavy or rough texture scored high in Ego-Defense and also high in selfesteem. 5. In pattern, there was no relationship with the nature. 6. In kinds of patterns, children group who favour a letter pattern scored high in Extrapunitiveness and aggressive, while no-pattern group scored high in Intropunitiveness or Impunitiveness and they are so generous. And also children group who disgust a letter pattern scored high in Impunitiveness and were generous. 7. In style, girls who favour T-shirts and pants scored high in Extrapunitiveness and aggressive, while blouse-skirt girls scored high in Impunitiveness and generous. 8. In Mother's clothing choice and children's attitude, children group who totally reject the mother's choice scored high in Extrapunitiveness and aggressive, while obedient group score highed in Intropunitiveness or Impunitiveness and they are so generous.