1910年代, 間島韓人 民族敎育의 性格

Abstract

우리나라는 1905年 日帝의 乙巳條約强要로 사실상 國權을 상실당하자 國權恢復을 목표로 義兵運動과 愛國啓蒙運動이 전개되었다. 그러나 이들 모두가 日帝에 의한 탄압으로 國內에서의 활동이 어렵게 되자 보다 조직적인 救國運動을 전개하기 위하여 그 거점을 海外各地로 이동하였다. 특히 間島로 이동한 民族主義者들은 抗日獨立運動의 근거지를 마련함에 있어서 그곳의 韓人社會를 기반으로 民族力量을 배양하기 위해 民族敎育을 주도적으로 추진하였다. 本 硏究에서는 첫째, 間島韓人 民族敎育이 실시될 수 있었던 시대적 배경으로, 韓人의 間島로 移住하게 된 경위와 生活狀況을 살펴보고자 한다. 둘째, 間島 韓人社會에서의 各 民族學校의 設立狀況과 敎科內容 및 그 運營實態를 國內의 경우와 비교하는 한편, 그것들을 통해서 敎育運動의 발전상과 그들이 추구했던 敎育目漂를 밝히고자 한다. 세째, 中·日의 교육정책상의 간섭에 대한 韓人의 대처와, 間島 民族敎育이 갖는 歷史的 性格을 究明하고자 한다. 이러한 내용들을 살펴본 결과, 첫째, 어려운 경제적 여건속에서도 韓人社會를 바탕으로 長期的인 抗日鬪爭을 지원할 民族敎育이 형성될 수 있는 社會的 基盤을 마련하였다. 둘째, 國內에서는 일제 헌병 경찰의 武斷統治下에 민족말살정책이 시행되어 民族敎育이 탄압받고 있던 1910年代에 있어, 間島에서는 瑞甸書塾과 明東書塾을 효시로 하여 自主獨立意識鼓吹를 목표로 하는 民族敎育이 가장 활발하게 추진되고 있었다. 세째, 韓人들은 中·日官憲의 교육간섭과 방해등 제반 저해요인에 능동적으로 대처하면서 꾸준히 民族敎育을 실시함으로써 3·1 운동을 계기로 韓人이 총궐기할 수 있었으며 그것은 더 나아가 1920年代 무장독립운동의 기반을 제공할 수 있었다. 특히 韓末 愛國啓蒙運動의 民族主義者들과 義兵들이 國內에서의 반목을 극복하고 그 理念과 思想을 실천적으로 융화·발전시킨 間島에서의 民族敎育이 바로 獨立運動의 일환을 이루고 있었다는 점에서 그 歷史的 性格이 돋보이고 있음을 論證하였다.;Our country had its national rights under the forcible demand of UI Sa treaty by Japan in 1905, and since then had developed the activities of a loyal army and the movement of patriotic enlightenment for the purpose of recovery of the national rights. But the activities of them were located in difficulty inside the country on account of the suppression by Japan, when they moved their base outside the country in order to develope the save the nation movement systematically. Especially, among them, the nationalist in Kan Do propelled the national education as a leading position so as to cultivate the national power with the foundation of Korean-society there in preparing the base of the resistance of Japan. This study, first, tried to investigate the situation of shifting to Kan Do and its living conditions at that time as the periodical background which was able to perform the national education to Korean in Kan Do. Second, the foundation situation and its course of study or the actual conditions of management of each national school in Korean society in Kan Do were compared with ones inside the country, while, through them, the developing aspect of educational movements and educational goal were tried to identify. Third, the study intended to survey Korean resistance to the interference of the educational policy by China and Japan and the historical quality having by Korean in Kan Do. As a result of investigation the contents, first the social base, which could form the national education to support the strife against Japan in the long term founded on Korean-society in the economical difficulty, was prepared. Second, when the national education inside country was oppressed by performing the policy of national obliteration under the military ruling by Japanese military police, in the 1910s then, the national education in Kan Do was promoting actively for the purpose of independence-consciousness as the beginning the sujunsusuk and the Moungdongsusuk. third, Koreans performed constantly the national education coping with the forces of disturbance such as the educational interference and the obstruction by the pressure of the China and Japanese authorities, and thus could have the whole spring-up of Korean with the chance of 3.1 Movement, and furthermore. Its circumstances could provide Koreans with the base of the armed independent movement in the 1920s. In particular, it was demonstrated that the historical nature looked much better in that the antagonism between the nationalist and the loyal army at that time in the movement of patriotic enlightenment was recovered, and the national education in Kan Do which had developed and reconciled practically the idea and the thought marked a line in the independent movement.