Full metadata record
DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | 임경민 | * |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-06T16:31:06Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-01-06T16:31:06Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2023 | * |
dc.identifier.issn | 0273-2300 | * |
dc.identifier.issn | 1096-0295 | * |
dc.identifier.other | OAK-32754 | * |
dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/263108 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in consumer products because of their unique antibacterial properties, and dishwashing detergents are a major source of exposure through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. The three classes of QACs, including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), n-alkyldimethylethylbenzy-lammonium chloride (ADEBAC), and di-n-alkyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), in spray and non-spray types of dishwashing detergents were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrom-etry. A tiered risk assessment approach was also considered. In the Tier 1 assessment, the mean and worst-case exposure were estimated to screen for rough exposure and risk levels. In the Tier 2 assessment, mean and upper -tail exposure levels were calculated based on the exposure parameters of Korean consumers using Monte Carlo simulation. QACs had a low frequency of detection of up to 20% in dishwashing detergents, and the contents of detected QACs varied depending on the individual samples. Based on the results of the Tier 1 assessment, BACs and DDACs posed potential health risks via inhalation and dermal routes. Tier 2 assessment suggested that the current level of oral and dermal exposure of Korean consumers to QACs in dishwashing detergents is unlikely to pose a health risk, even for upper-tail exposure groups. However, the present results suggest that spray-type DDACs may pose a health risk in the upper-tail inhalation exposure group, and further investigation is required to clarify this risk. | * |
dc.language | English | * |
dc.publisher | ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE | * |
dc.subject | Quaternary ammonium compounds | * |
dc.subject | Tiered risk assessment | * |
dc.subject | Dishwashing detergent | * |
dc.subject | Margin of safety | * |
dc.title | Tiered human health risk assessment of antibacterial quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in dishwashing detergents | * |
dc.type | Article | * |
dc.relation.volume | 137 | * |
dc.relation.index | SCIE | * |
dc.relation.index | SCOPUS | * |
dc.relation.journaltitle | REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY | * |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105306 | * |
dc.identifier.wosid | WOS:000897679400004 | * |
dc.identifier.scopusid | 2-s2.0-85143294878 | * |
dc.author.google | Pack, Eun Chul | * |
dc.author.google | Lee, Ho Geon | * |
dc.author.google | Jeong, Hee-jin | * |
dc.author.google | Lee, Jungmin | * |
dc.author.google | Jang, Dae Yong | * |
dc.author.google | Kim, Hyung Soo | * |
dc.author.google | Ha Lee, Seung | * |
dc.author.google | Lim, Kyung Min | * |
dc.author.google | Choi, Dalwoong | * |
dc.contributor.scopusid | 임경민(8916551700) | * |
dc.date.modifydate | 20240220115649 | * |