미숙아로 출생한 3세 아동의 수용·표현 어휘력과 빠른 의미 연결 및 비단어 따라말하기 능력

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vocabulary, fast mapping ability, and nonword repetition ability of children born to preterm. A total of 48 subjects are enrolled in the study and compared the performances between children born as premature and term. As a classification according to ICD-10, 24 terms with gestational age more than 38 weeks and 24 preterm with gestational age less than 35 weeks. Research has been carried out on three tasks: (1) Korean Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (REVT), (2) Fast mapping task, and (3) Nonword repetition task. First, So as to measure the children 's vocabulary, I compared the frequency of the REVT expressions and the receptive domains. Two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the difference between the two groups. In addition, I used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine the difference between groups when controlling the age and gestational age. I also compared the rate of correct responses of fast mapping, which comprehends the names of unfamiliar objects by arranging 16 unfamiliar objects and 16 familiar objects in each set. The unfamiliar objects used in the experiment are marked with a nonword of two syllables. Through fast mapping, I gave the child the name of an unfamiliar object, and when I called the object the name, I looked to see if it correctly pointed to the object. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the difference in the response rates between the two groups. we used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine the difference between groups when controlling the age, gestational age and vocabulary. I compared the rate of correct responses of the nonword repetition between the two groups and analyzed the characteristics according to the syllable length from two syllables to six syllables. A task consisted of a total of twenty items ranging from two to six syllables in length, and four for each of the five syllable lengths. Two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the difference between the two groups. The Bonferroni post - test was used to analyze the effect of syllable length. The Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to determine whether there were significant correlations between the vocabulary and the performance of fast mapping and nonword repetition. As a result, there was a significant difference between expressive vocabulary and receptive vocabulary in children born as preterm and term. The fast mapping and the nonword repetition task showed obvious distinction as well. Children born prematurely performed significantly lower in all tasks. This study shows that premature birth can be one of the causes of delayed language development. It was also found that the presence of preterm birth was more influential than the length of gestational age when a preterm was born. Based on this point, it is essential to prevent the problem of language development through early intervention.;본 연구에서는 미숙아로 출생한 아동과 만삭아로 출생한 아동 간의 어휘력, 빠른 의미 연결과 비단어 따라말하기 능력을 비교하였다. 연구의 대상자는 총 48명으로, ICD-10(International Statistical Classification 10th Revision)에 따른 분류에 따라 재태기간 38주 이상인 만삭아 24명과 재태기간 35주 이하로 출생한 미숙아 24명이 연구에 참여하였다. 연구는 수용∙ 표현 어휘력 검사(Receptive & Expressive Vocabulary Test: REVT, 김영태 외, 2009), 빠른 의미 연결 및 비단어 따라말하기의 총 세 가지 과제로 진행되었다. 먼저, 아동의 어휘력을 측정하기 위해 REVT의 표현 영역과 수용 영역의 정반응율을 비교 분석 하였다. 또한 낯선 물체 16개와 익숙한 물체 16개를 한 셋트에 각각 4개씩 배치하여 낯선 물체의 이름에 대해 이해하는 빠른 의미 연결의 정반응율을 비교해보았다. 그리고 두 집단 간의 비단어 따라말하기의 정반응율을 비교하고 2음절부터 6음절까지 음절길이에 따른 특성을 분석했다. 이원혼합분산분석(two-way mixed ANOVA)으로 집단 간 차이를 알아보았으며, Bonferroni 사후검정을 통해 음절길이에 따른 효과를 분석하였다. 또한 상관을 알아보기 위해 Pearson의 적률상관분석을 실시하여 재태기간과 생활연령 등 여러 요소가 어휘력과 빠른 의미 연결, 비단어 따라말하기의 수행력과 유의한 관계가 있는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 미숙아로 출생한 아동과 만삭아로 출생한 아동은 표현 어휘력과 수용 어휘력이 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 빠른 의미 연결 과제와 비단어 따라말하기 과제에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 미숙아로 출생한 아동이 모든 과제에서 유의하게 낮은 수행을 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 조산은 언어 발달 지연의 원인이 될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 점을 토대로 조기중재를 통해 언어발달에 문제가 발생되는 것을 예방해야 할 것이다.