View : 853 Download: 0

Full metadata record

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.advisor오억수-
dc.contributor.author최영실-
dc.creator최영실-
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-24T01:03:47Z-
dc.date.available2017-03-24T01:03:47Z-
dc.date.issued2012-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000069885-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/234795-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000069885-
dc.description.abstractSyndecan-4 는 transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan 로서 세포의 부착, 이동성 조절 등과 같은 다양한 생물학적 기능에 관여한다. 다른 syndecans과는 달리, syndecan-4는 focal adhesion에서 주로 발견되며 cytoskeletal organization에 중요한 역할을 수행함이 잘 알려져 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 세포 부착 신호 전달 체계에서 syndecan-4의 조절 기전을 다양한 측면에서 살펴보았다. 우선, syndecan-4의 활성에 있어 oligomerization의 역할에 대해 살펴보았다. In vitro와 in vivo 실험을 통하여, syndecan-4는 -actinin과 결합하며 이 결합은 cytoplasmic domain의 oligomerization에 의해 유도됨을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라, transmembrane domain에 의해 매개 된 oligomerization역시 syndecan-4와 -actinin 결합에 중요하게 작용하고 있다. 동일하게, transmembrane domain 과 cytoplasmic domain의 oligomerization은 syndecan-4에 의해 활성화 되는 Rho 와 그에 따른 다양한 기능들을 활성화시킨다. 흥미롭게도 transmembrane domain에 의해 유도된 oligomerization은 cytoplasmic domain oligomerization에 비해 효율적으로 그 기능을 조절하며 지배적인 역할을 담당한다. 따라서, 이러한 연구 결과는 syndecan-4 기능 조절에 있어서transmembrane domain의 중요성을 보여주며, 더 나아가 두 domain간의 단계적 조절기전이 존재하고 있음을 제시한다. Syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain의variable region이 -actinin과 PKC와결합하는 반면, C-terminal region은 syntenin과 같은PDZ 단백질과 결합한다. Syntenin과 syndecan-4와의 결합은 PKC와의 결합을 억제시키며 나아가 syndecan-4의 focal adhesion 형성 기능을 저해시킨다. 이런 억제 작용은 PDZ2 domain에 의해 매개되며, syntenin의 dimerization이 촉진시킨다. 뿐만 아니라, transmembrane domain에 의해 매개되는 syndecan의 heterodimerization 역시 syndecan-4 고유의 기능을 억제시키는 역할을 담당한다. 따라서, 이러한 결과들은 각 domain에 의해 syndecan의 기능을 다르게 조절시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. 결론적으로, syndecan-4는 oligomerization 정도와cytoplasmic domain의 결합하는 단백질에 의해 그 기능이 다르게 조절되며, transmembrane domain의 oligomerization이 adhesion receptor로서의 기능을 부여할 수 있음을 제시한다. ;Syndecan-4 is a ubiquitous transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan and participates in diverse biological processes, especially cell adhesion and cell-matrix interactions. Among the syndecan family, syndecan-4 is the only member localized into the focal adhesions and is known to actively regulate the cytoskeletal organization. Thus, regulatory mechanisms of syndecan-4 in cell adhesion signaling were examined. To begin with, I explored a possible regulatory effect of syndecan-4 oligomerization on the cytoskeleton. In vitro and in vivo studies show that syndecan-4 interacts specifically with ??-actinin in the oligomeric status of its cytoplasmic domain and both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are involved in the regulation of cytoplasmic domain oligomerization. Consistently, oligomerization of both of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain potentiates the syndecan-4-mediated RhoA activation and RhoA-related functions. Interestingly, transmembrane domain-induced oligomerization plays a predominant role for the regulation of syndecan-4-mediated functions than a comparable cytoplasmic domain oligomerization. Taken together, these data suggest that the transmembrane domain plays a major role in regulating syndecan-4 functions, and further show that a domain hierarchy exists in the regulation of syndecan-4. The central variable region of syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain interacts with both ??-actinin and PKC??, while C-terminal C2 region interacts with PDZ proteins such as syntenin. Data from NMR spectroscopy and protein crystallography lead to the prediction that the structures of syntenin in the presence of syndecan-4 peptide forms a symmetric tetramer anchored by a syndecan dimer and it provides the functional insight for syntenin related to syndecan-4 function. Consistent to this notion, syntenin expression gives rise to decrease the binding of PKC?? to syndecan-4 via PDZ2 domain and to inhibit syndecan-4-mediated functions, suggesting that syntenin acts as a negative regulator of syndecan-4. Furthermore, transmembrane domain induces SDS-resistant hetero-dimers and transmembrane domain-induced hetero-dimerization inhibits syndecan-4 mediated functions, implying the novel mechanism of inhibitory regulation by transmembrane domain. Taken together, all these data strongly suggest that syndecan-4 regulates cytoskeletal organization through degree of receptor oligomerization and interaction with cytoplasmic binding proteins. Finally, these findings indicate that transmembrane domain-induced oligomerization qualifies syndecan-4 for adhesion receptor in cell adhesion signaling.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCTION 1 Structure of Syndecans 2 Functions of Syndecans 5 Functions of Syndecan as Co-receptor 5 Biological Functions 10 Roles of Syndecan-4 as Adhesion receptor 13 Binding Partners of Syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain 15 α-actinin 15 Protein kinase C α 16 Syntenin 22 Oligomerization of Syndecans 23 The Goles of Thesis 26 CHAPTER I . 27 1. INTRODUCTION 28 2. MATERIALS & METHODS 30 2-1. Materials 30 2-2. Cell culture 30 2-3. Cell lysis, Immunoprecipitation and Immunoblotting 30 2-4. Expression and Purification of recombinant GST syndecan-4 proteins 31 2-5. Pull-down assay 32 2-6. Overlay assay 32 2-7. Affinity chromatography 33 2-8. Fluorescence microscopy 33 3. RESULTS 34 3-1. Syndecan-4 interacts with α-actinin through the syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain 34 3-2. Overexpression of syndecan-4 enhances localization of α-actinin to the cytoskeleton 37 3-3. The interaction of syndecan-4 with α-actinin is dependent on the oligomeric status of syndecan-4 39 3-4. PIP2 enhances the interaction of syndecan-4 with α-actinin 41 3-5. Transmembrane domain-induced oligomerization regulates the interaction of syndecan-4 with α-actinin 43 3-6. Phorylation of the syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain negatively regulates domain interaction with α-actinin 45 4. DISCUSSION 47 CHAPTER II 50 1. INTRODUCTION 51 2. MATERIALS & METHODS 53 2-1. Cell Culture, Antibodies, and Reagent 53 2-2. Confocal Microscopy and FRET Analysis 53 2-3. Rho activity assay 54 2-4. Cellular fractionation 55 2-5. In vitro PKC assay 55 2-6. Focal adhesion staining 56 2-7. Expression and Purification of Recombinant GST-syndecan-4 Proteins 56 2-8. Centrifugal detachment assay 57 2-9. Transwell migration assay 57 2-10. Monitoring cell spreading and migration 57 2-11. Statistical Analysis 58 3. RESULTS 59 3-1. Syndecan-4 increases the activity of RhoA through PKCα activation 59 3-2. Transmembrane domain-induced oligomerizations are crucial for syndecan-4- mediated functions 63 3-3. Phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain also negatively regulates syndecan- 4-mediated functions, but in a different manner 67 3-4. The domains of syndecan-4 hierarchically regulate syndecan-4-mediated functions 71 4. DISCUSSION 81 CHAPTER III 85 1. INTRODUCTION 86 2. MATERIALS & METHODS 88 2-1. Reagents and Antibodies 88 2-2. Cell culture and transfection 88 2-3. Immunoprecipitation and Immunoblotting 88 2-4. Cellular fractionation 89 2-5. In vitro PKC assay 90 2-6. Immunofluorescence 90 2-7. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay 91 2-8. Migration assay 92 2-9. Pull-down Assays 92 2-10. Size exclusion gel chromatography 92 3. RESULTS 94 3-1. Syntenin negatively regulates the interaction of syndecan-4 with PKCα 98 3-2. Syntenin negatively regulates syndecan-4 functions via PDZ2 domain-mediated interaction 98 3-3. Syntenin dimerization is crucial for the negative regulation of syndecan- 4 functions 103 4. DISCUSSION 109 CHAPTER IV 113 1. INTRODUCTION 114 2. MATERIALS & METHODS 116 2-1. Antibodies and Reagents 116 2-2. Cell lines, Culture and Treatment 116 2-3. Expression and Purification of Recombinant Glutathione S-Transferase (GST)- Syndecan-2 and GST-Syndecan-4 Core Proteins 117 2-4. Immunoblotting 117 2-5. Immunoprecipitation 118 2-6. Microscopic Analysis 119 2-7. Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) 120 2-8. Cellular fractionation 120 2-9. Rho activity assay 121 2-10. In vitro PKC assay 121 2-11. Monitoring cell spreading 122 3. RESULTS 123 3-1. Syndecans forms SDS-resistant hetero-dimers through transmembrane domain in vitro 123 3-2. Sydecan-4 forms heteromeric dimers with syndecan-2 in vivo 128 3-3. Transmembrane domain-induced hetero-dimerization of syndecans regulates the chimera-induced MAPK activation 133 3-4. Hetero-dimerization negatively regulates syndecan-4 functions 135 4. DISCUSSION 138 DISCUSSION 142 Positive regulation of syndecan-4-mediated functions 144 Interaction with cytoskeletal proteins 144 Transmembrane domain-mediated oligomerization 146 Hierarchical regulation between transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain 147 Negative regulation of syndecan-4-mediated functions 150 Binding to syntenin 150 Transmembrane domain-mediated hetero-dimerization 151 Conclusion 155 REFERENCES 156 논문개요 165 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 167 APPENDIX 169-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent5938817 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleRegulatory mechanism of syndecan-4 as adhesion receptor-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pagexi, 169 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명·약학부생명과학전공-
dc.date.awarded2012. 2-
Appears in Collections:
일반대학원 > 생명·약학부 > Theses_Ph.D
Files in This Item:
There are no files associated with this item.
Export
RIS (EndNote)
XLS (Excel)
XML


qrcode

BROWSE