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Arrestin 1 and cone arrestin 4 have unique roles in visual function in an all-cone mouse retina
- Title
- Arrestin 1 and cone arrestin 4 have unique roles in visual function in an all-cone mouse retina
- Authors
- Deming J.D.; Pak J.S.; Shin J.-A.; Brown B.M.; Kim M.K.; Aung M.H.; Lee E.-J.; Pardue M.T.; Craft C.M.
- Ewha Authors
- 신정아
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 신정아
- Issue Date
- 2015
- Journal Title
- Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
- ISSN
- 0146-0404
- Citation
- Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science vol. 56, no. 13, pp. 7618 - 7628
- Keywords
- Cone function; Cone opsins; NRL knockout; Visual arrestins
- Publisher
- Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- PURPOSE. Previous studies discovered cone phototransduction shutoff occurs normally for Arr1-/- and Arr4-/-; however, it is defective when both visual arrestins are simultaneously not expressed (Arr1-/-Arr4-/-). We investigated the roles of visual arrestins in an all-cone retina (Nrl-/-) since each arrestin has differential effects on visual function, including ARR1 for normal light adaptation, and ARR4 for normal contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. METHODS. We examined Nrl-/-, Nrl-/-Arr1-/-, Nrl-/-Arr4-/-, and Nrl-/-Arr1-/-Arr4-/- mice with photopic electroretinography (ERG) to assess light adaptation and retinal responses, immunoblot and immunohistochemical localization analysis to measure retinal expression levels of M- and S-opsin, and optokinetic tracking (OKT) to measure the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS. Study results indicated that Nrl-/- and Nrl-/-Arr4-/- mice light adapted normally, while Nrl-/-Arr1-/- and Nrl-/-Arr1-/-Arr4-/- mice did not. Photopic ERG a-wave, bwave, and flicker amplitudes followed a general pattern in which Nrl-/-Arr4-/- amplitudes were higher than the amplitudes of Nrl-/-, while the amplitudes of Nrl-/-Arr1-/- and Nrl-/-Arr1-/-Arr4-/- were lower. All three visual arrestin knockouts had faster implicit times than Nrl-/- mice. M-opsin expression is lower when ARR1 is not expressed, while Sopsin expression is lower when ARR4 is not expressed. Although M-opsin expression is mislocalized throughout the photoreceptor cells, S-opsin is confined to the outer segments in all genotypes. Contrast sensitivity is decreased when ARR4 is not expressed, while visual acuity was normal except in Nrl-/-Arr1-/-Arr4-/-. CONCLUSIONS. Based on the opposite visual phenotypes in an all-cone retina in the Nrl-/-Arr1-/- and Nrl-/-Arr4-/- mice,we conclude that ARR1 and ARR4 perform unique modulatory roles in cone photoreceptors. © 2015 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
- DOI
- 10.1167/iovs.15-17832
- Appears in Collections:
- 의과대학 > 의학과 > Journal papers
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