國民學校 敎育資料室의 計劃과 運營에 關한 硏究

Abstract

It can be generally said that the significance of education in society is to preserve its fundamental values and with them to help its individual member realize the perfection of self. This purpose of function of education shows that the relation between education and society is so close as to constitute one system which is interacted each other. That is to say, both are called to adjust and accommodate reciprocally. And this relation has been reinforced all the more in modern times when the rapid social changes should enlarge the role of education. School education which plays a pivotal role of education, therefore, has come to require the improvement of educational method in order to organize and administer a wide range of educational resources more effectively. One of these educational methods is instructional materials center (I.M.C.) in school. Instructional materials center in school puts great emphasis on procedure and resources in whole educational process, then operates an integrated part of teaching-learning process. Above all, it serves and supports effectively educational activity through its own media programs. Through survey on existing conditions of 34 private elementary schools in Seoul, this study attempts to examine the current problems of instructional materials center in elementary school and its solutions which can be pur into practice in Korea. In addition, the literature concerned as well were reviewed to illuminate the theoretical background. The contents of this study are as follows: 1. This study explains the function of instructional materials center in elementary school, the composition and role of personnel, the establishment and security of budget, teaching materials and equipments, and the environmental arrangements. 2. This study surveys the existing conditions of instructional materials center of private elementary schools in Seoul by analyzing them into function, personnel, budget, teaching materials and equipments, and environmental arrangements. 3. This study suggests the problems of current instructional materials center in elementary school and the desirable way to plan and administer it. The result of the survey shows that instructional mate- rials center of private elementary school in Korea does not meet the necessity and demand of society, even its concept has not yet been established. The problems raised in the survey are as follows: 1. A few schools have no instructional materials tenter and there is, if any, the lack of personnel. 2. Most of directors are teachers in charge of (natu ral) science and that are short of speciality and time to conduct instructional materials center. 3. There is the lack of budget and it is not well established and secured. 4. Teaching materials and equipments are not only adequate, but also unbalancedly utilized. 5. Owing to the lack o f teaching materials and understanding, even teaching equipments which are in possession are nearly unused. 6. The space and environmental arrangements are very unsatisfactory to their ends. 7. There are no close connections with center in the board of education and other centers concerned. 8. There is, above all, little understanding of educational authorities concerned. To resolve such problems and to administer instructional materials center in elementary school more effectively, this study makes some suggestions as follows: 1. Instructional materials center should operate an integrated part of curriculum. 2. It is now demanded that educational authorities concerned and teachers should reconsider instructional materials center. 3. It is desired that personnel should be composed of specialist, technician, and aide. And it is also desired that the specialist or the teacher who is in charge of (natural) science should be a director, and students act as aide. 4 . It is necessary to retrain a teacher who is charge of instructional materials center. And through retraining, he obtains speciality and knowledge adequate for the task. For this reason, his working hours is less than that of other teachers who are off duty. 5. To establish and secure budget, a variety of way such as administrative support and educational tax should be considered. 6. Teaching materials and equipments sufficient for curriculum should be held and preserved. And simpler product and repair also are to be done. 7. Space enough f o r educational activity (three times as wide as classroom) and environmental arrangements such as acoustics, light, heating-cooling system, ventilation, humidity, color etc. should be secured. 8. Close connection with district instructional material center is demanded. 9. District instructional materials center should develop and distribute teaching materials.;敎育의 社會的 意義는 일반적으로 社會의 基本的 價値들을 보존하고 나아가 이를 통해 구성된 각 個人의 自我實現에 도움을 주는 데 있다. 이와 같은 敎育의 目的 내지 機能이 시사하듯이, 敎育과 社會와의 관계는 매우 밀접하여 서로간에 相互作用을 하는 하나의 體制를 이루고 있다. 즉 양자는 이른바 서로 調整·適應하는 관계에 있는 것이다. 이러한 관계는 急速한 社會 變化가 이루어지고, 이에 따라 敎育의 역할도 擴大된 現代에 와서 더욱 강화되었다. 그래서 敎育의 중추적 역할을 하고 잇는 學校敎育에서는 廣範圍한 敎育資源을 보다 效率的으로 組織·運營하기 위해 敎育方法의 개선을 필요로 하게 되었다. 이러한 敎育方法 중의 하나가 學敎 敎育資料室이다. 學敎 敎育資料室은 전체 敎育課程에서 節次와 資源에 중점을 둠으로써, 교수-학습 科程의 統合된 한 부분으로서 그 自體의 매체 프로그램을 통해 敎育活動을 效率的으로 奉社·支援하는 것이다. 본 硏究의 硏究 內容은 다음과 같다. 1. 國民學校 敎育資料室의 機能, 要員의 構成 및 役割, 豫算의 設定 및 確保, 교재와 교구, 그리고 環境的 設備를 밝힌다. 2. 서울 시내 사적 國民學校 敎育資料室의 實態를 機能·要員·豫算·교재와 교구 및 環境的 設備로 나누어 調査·分析한다. 3. 實態調査에서 나타난 問題點과 이에 대한 바람직한 國民學校 敎育資料室의 計劃 및 運營 方案을 제안한다. 實態調査를 통해 나타난 우리나라 私立國民學校 敎育資料室은 社會的 필요와 요구를 충족시키지 못할 뿐만 아니라, 敎育資料室의 槪念조차 아직 정립되어 있지 못한 實情으로 그 問題點은 다음과 같다. 1. 敎育資料室이 없는 學校도 있고, 있다손치더라도 要員이 부족하다. 2. 責任者의 대부분이 과학주임교사이고, 敎育資料室 業務를 全擔할 수 있는 時間과 專門性이 부족하다. 3. 豫算이 부족하고, 그 設定과 確保가 제대로 되어 있지 않다. 4. 교재와 교구가 부족하고, 그 使用에 있어서도 便重되어 있다. 5. 保有하고 있는 교재와 교구조차 敎師들의 이해 부족으로 死藏되고 있다. 6. 敎育資料室의 공간 확보와 環境的 設備가 매우 未洽하다. 7. 敎育區廳資料室이나 其他 관계 자료실과의 緊密한 유대가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 8. 무엇보다도 敎育行政當局의 이해가 부족하다. 이와 같은 問題點을 해결하고 보다 效率的인 國民學校 敎育資料室의 計劃과 運營을 위하여 본 硏究에서는 다음과 같이 提言한다. 1. 敎育資料室은 敎科課程의 統合된 한 부분으로서 機能해야 한다. 2. 行政當局과 교사들에게 敎育資料室이 重要性을 認識시킨다. 3. 要員은 專門家, 技術者, 補助員으로 構成되고, 責任者는 專門家 내지는 科學主任敎師가 擔當하여 학생도 補助員으로 참여하는 것이 바람직하다. 4. 교사가 敎育資料室의 責任者를 兼任할 때, 그에 따르는 專門能力과 知識을 갖추도록 再訓練을 해야 하며, 일반 교사보다 수업량이 적어야 한다. 5. 豫算을 設定하고 確保하기 위해, 행정적 뒷받침으로 敎育稅 등을 考慮한다. 6. 敎科課程에 충분한 교재와 교구를 準備·維持하며, 간단한 교재 제작과 교구 수선을 한다. 7. 공간 확보(일반 교실의 3배)와 環境的 設備-音響, 조명, 冷·暖房, 통풍, 습도, 色-를 한다. 8. 地域敎育資料室과 密接한 관계를 가진다. 9. 地域敎育資料室은 교재의 開發과 보급을 해야 한다.