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dc.contributor.advisor이화정-
dc.contributor.author김지현-
dc.creator김지현-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T11:08:05Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T11:08:05Z-
dc.date.issued2009-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000054449-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/202463-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000054449-
dc.description.abstract인터페론의 항바이러스 활성 억제를 이용한 역가시험은 시험법의 특성상 반복성과 정밀성이 좋지 않다. 그래서 인터페론의 제조관리를 위하여 쉽고 재현성있게 인터페론의 함량을 측정할 수 있는 고속액체크로마토그래피(HPLC) 함량시험을 개발하였다. 본 시험방법은 인혈청알부민을 첨가제로 사용하였을 때에도 주성분인 인터페론을 정량할 수 있었으며 이때 불순물인 산화형 인터페론도 분리 가능함을 확인하였다. 시험방법을 검증하였을 때 5 에서 200 μg/mL까지, 직성회귀계수 0.9996을 보여주었다. 또한 회수율은 97 ~ 104 % 범위였고, 15 에서 60 μg/mL 범위에서 정밀성은 0.2 ~ 1.7 %이었다. 또한 이 시험방법으로 시판되는 300만 아이유 단위의 제품을 정량하였을 때 약 30 μg/mL이었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 개선된 인터페론의 역가시험법으로 Mx2 프로머터를 HeLa 세포에 도입하여 형질전환한 세포주를 개발하였다. 최적 시험조건은 세포수, 인터페론 농도 범위를 조절하여 설정하였다. 시험방법의 특이성을 확인하기 위하여 다양한 인터페론 서브타입과 싸이토카인을 처리하여 반응성을 확인하였다. 인터페론 서브타입 Ⅰ인 인터페론 알파 2a와 인터페론 베타 1b가 반응성이 있었고 서브타입 Ⅱ인 인터페론 감마는 반응성이 없는 것으로 보아 인터페론 서브타입에 선택성이 있는 시험방법임을 확인하였다. 또한 종양괴사인자 알파(TNF-α), 인터류킨-1β(IL-1β), IL-2, IL-5, IL-6 와 과립구 대식세포 콜로니 자극인자(GM-CSF) 또한 반응성이 없는 것으로 보아 매우 선택성이 우수한 시험방법 임을 확인하였다. 또한 완건성면에서는 세포 계대수에 영향을 받지 않았다. 본 시험방법에서 반응을 보이는 직선구간은 1 ~ 10,000 IU/mL이었다. 95% 신뢰한계에서 96 ~ 116% 상대역가를 보였으며, 상대표준편차는 10.51%이었다. 결론적으로 본 시험방법은 기존의 바이러스를 이용한 생물활성과 비교하였을 때 간단하고, 재현성, 선택성면에서 우수한 시험방법임을 확인하였다. 위의 인터페론 역가시험법 원리를 이용하여 종양증식인자-β1(TGF-β1)의 역가시험법을 개발하였다. TGF-β1은 다발성 신경교증과 특발성 폐 섬유종에 희귀의약품으로 사용되고 있다. 기저막 단백분해 효소-2(MMP-2)는 혈관생성에 관여하는 인자로 암전이과정에서 중요하게 작용한다. 이 실험은 MMP-2 프로모터 유전자를 luciferase를 보고 유전자(reporter gene)로 가지고 있는 벡터에 삽입하여 이를 MCF10A 세포에 도입한 세포주를 구축하였고 이 세포에 TGF-β1를 농도별로 처리하였을 때 luciferase 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하는 방법이다. 이 시험방법의 직선 반응 구간은 78.125 pg/mL에서 2500 pg/mL 범위이었다. 특이성은 TGF-β의 서브타입인 TGF-β2와 TGF-β3를 처리하였을 때 TGF-β1에 비하여 반응성이 적은 것으로 보아 TGF-β1에 특이성이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 기존의 다른 시험방법과 비교하였을 때 시험결과의 상대표준편차는 세포성장억제를 이용한 TF-1이 약 24 %, MMP-2 zymogram assay가 약 40 %인 것에 비하여 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 약 10 % 정도로 재현성면에서도 우수하였다.;The known conventional bioassay system was based on the measurement of virus inhibitory activity of interferon and showed low repeatability. Here, we developed the HPLC method to quantify the interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-α 2a) content with good reproducibility in lyophilized product containing human serum albumin (HSA) as the excipient. This method can separate IFN-α 2a from HSA and oxidized forms. The regression coefficient (R^2) was 0.9996 within a range from 5 to 200 μg/mL. In the validation study, the recovery was 97 ~ 104% and the precision was between 0.2 ~ 1.7% in the range from 15 to 60 μg/mL. The mean IFN-α 2a content of 5 products were about 20.9 ~ 30.8 μg/mL. HeLa cells were stably transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of Mx2 promoter. The expression of luciferase can be easily measured by luminescence using a 96-well luminometer. The intensity of luminescence has been correlated with the concentration of added IFN and cell density. From the results of the validation, our reporter cell line had specificity for IFN-α 2a and IFN-β 1b among type I IFNs against type Ⅱ IFN (IFN-γ). In addition, our reporter gene cell line did not show the significant effects on a number of other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Moreover, the robustness of our cell line in cell passage number was demonstrated by the lack of an effect of the HeLa-Mx2 cell on the performance of the reporter gene assay. The reporter gene assay showed the reproducibility in dose-response curves of IFN-α 2a in the range of 1~10,000 IU/mL. The range of 96 ~ 116% was estimated within 95% confidence limit and total coefficient of variance(C.V.) was 10.51% in the reproducible range mentioned above. In conclusion, we established a stable IFN-αresponsible HeLa-Mx2 cell line, which has advantages with regard to simplicity, selectivity, and reliability over conventional cytopathic effect reduction assays used to quantify IFN-α 2a activity. We developed the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β bioassay as an another reporter gene assay. TGF-β1 is used as an orphan drug for multiple neuritis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays a role in the metastasis process as an angiogenesis factor. The TGF-β1 bioassay developed in this study monitors the increased luciferase activity in MCF10A cells containing MMP-2 promoter with luciferase reporter, according to the increase of the TGF-β1 concentration. The linear response concentration range was detected from 78.125 to 2500 pg/ml. Another two subtypes of TGF-β were tested to identify the reactivity in this bioassay system. The inducing abilities of three types were different. TGF-β1 induced MMP-2 production two times more than TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in this cell line. Until now, there is no established bioassay for TGF-β1, but cell survival assay for TGF-β1 and gelatin zymogram assay for MMP-2 activity. So, we compared our TGF-β1 bioassay with other known bioassays. MMP-2 promoter bioassay showed greater reproducibility (C.V. 10%) than the first developed TF-1 cell cycle arrest bioassay (C.V. 20%) and MMP-2 zymogram assay(C.V. 40%). In conclusion, our MMP-2 promoter bioassay is superior to other bioassays.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsⅠ. INTRODUCTION = 1 Ⅱ. Development of HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of recombinant interferon-α 2a = 9 A. Materials = 9 1. Standard material and samples = 9 2. Reagents = 9 B. Instruments = 10 C. Methods = 10 1. Reverse phase HPLC analysis = 10 2. Induction of IFN oxidation = 11 3. Method validation and quantification of INF-α 2a content in drug products = 11 D. Results = 16 1. Separation of IFN-α 2a from oxidized impurity in lyophilized form containing human serum albumin = 16 2. Method validation = 18 3. Quantification of INF-α 2a content in drug products = 22 E. Discussion = 25 Ⅲ. Validation of a HeLa Mx2/Luc reporter cell line for the quantification of human interferon α-2a = 27 A. Materials = 27 B. Instruments = 27 C. Methods = 28 1. Cell culture = 28 2. pMx2-Luc transfection and isolation of stably transfected clones = 28 3. IFN-α 2a reporter gene assay conditions = 29 4. Antiviral assay using VSV or EMCV = 30 5. Assay validation = 31 6. Statistical analysis = 32 D. Results = 33 1. Characterization of HeLa-Mx2-Luc clones and estimates of optimal cell density = 33 2. Specificity of the HeLa-Mx2 cell line for IFN-a 2a reporter gene assay = 38 3. Robustness of the HeLa-Mx2 cell line = 38 4. Determination of accuracy and precision of the reporter gene assay using HeLa-Mx2 cell line = 41 E. Discussion = 43 Ⅳ. Bioassay of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) using matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 induction = 47 A. Materials = 47 B. Instruments = 49 C. Methods = 50 1. Cell culture = 50 2. Establishment of pGL4.20 puro/MMP-2 promoter MCF10A cell-line = 50 3. Luciferase activity of TGF-β1 in MCF10A/MMP-2 promoter stable cell line = 51 4. Cell survival of TF-1 cells with TGF-β1 = 51 5. Gelatine zymogram assay = 52 6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) = 53 D. Results = 55 1. TGF-β1 bioassay = 55 1) Bioassay for MMP-2 induction by TGF-β1 = 55 (1) pGL4.20/MMP-2 stable cell line = 55 (2) Puromycin sensitivity of MCF10A cells trasfected with pGL4.20/MMP-2 = 55 (3) Test conditions for MCF10A cells transfected with pGL4.20/MMP-2 = 57 (4) Response for NIBSC rhTGF-β1 standard = 57 (5) Response for rhTGF-β2 and rhTGF-β3 = 58 2) In vitro bioassay of TF-1 cells with TGF-β1 = 64 (1) Conditions of in vitro bioassay of TF-1 cells = 64 3) Induction MMP-2 by TGF-β1 = 67 4) Comparison between TGF-β1 bioassays = 69 2. p53 binding to MMP-2 promoter in TGF-β1 response = 73 1) The bioassay in MCF10A cell transfected with MMP-2 promoter without p53 binding site by TGF-β1 = 73 2) Transcription factor for p53 binding to MMP-2 promoter(ChIP) = 76 3) Other transcription factors to MMP-2 promoter (ChIP) = 76 E. Discussion = 80 Ⅴ. CONCLUSION = 83 REFERENCES = 86 국문초록 = 101-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1844523 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleDevelopment of Assay Methods for Interferon-α 2a and Transforming Growth Factor-β1-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.creator.othernameKim, Gi Hyun-
dc.format.pageⅹv, 104 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명·약학부약학전공-
dc.date.awarded2009. 8-
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