與親行動이 道德評價에 미치는 影響

Abstract

問題 本 硏究는 한 個人이 他人의 道德的 行爲를 評價함에 있어서 與親關係가 어떠한 影響을 미칠 것인가 하는 問題點을 與親關係와 狀況 및 評價次元을 결부시켜 把握하고자 함에 目約이 있다. 本 硏究에서 밝히고자 하는 問題는 다음과 같은 것이다. 1. 與親行動을 한 個人이 他人에 대하여 가지는 親熟水準카 好惡水準이라 보았을 때, 이들 與親關係가 他人의 道德的 行★에 대한 評價에서 어떠한 影響을 미칠 것이며, 이것은 또한 評價次元에서 어떻게 나타날 것인가? 2. 道德評價에서 行爲의 結果를 重視하는 現實的 評價와 行爲의 過程을 强調하는 成就約 評價는 狀況變人에 따라서 어떻게 作用할 것인가? 方法 및 節次 道具 與親脚係의 測定 道德行爲 評價尺度 被驗者 서울市內 男女中學校를 각각 1個校씩 選定하여 二年生 男子 女子 200名 모두 400名을 對象으로 하였다. 節次 위와 같이 標集한 400名의 被驗者를 對象으로 하여 먼저 學級別로 級友들간의 與親關係를 測定하고, 이를 好惡水準과 親熟水準에 따라 分類하여 各 集團別로 道德行爲에 관한 評定을 하도록 하였다. 評定된 貸料를 統計處理하여 各 集團別로 平均値(M)와 標準偏差(SD)를 내고 狀況과 評價次元 및 與親關係 사이의 變量分析(F)을 통해 결과를 알아 보았다. 結果 1. 道德行爲에 대한 評價는 與親行動의 好惡水準과 親熟水準에 따라 달라진다. 즉, 個人은 道德評價에서 좋아하는 人物이나 친한 人物에 대해서는 好意的으로 評價하려는 반면에 싫어하는 人物이나 친하지 않은 人物에 대한 評價에서는 非好意的인 傾向이 있었다. 따라서 與親行動은 道德評價에서 일관성있는 影響을 미치는 것으로 보여진다. 2. 與親行動에서 道德評價는 좋아하는 人物과 친한 人物에 따라서는 과정을 重視하는 成就的 評價의 傾向性 가지고 있으며, 싫어하는 人物과 친하지 알을 人物의 行爲에 대하여서는 結果만으로 評價하려는 現實的 評價體制를 使用하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 道德評價에서 成就的 評價와 現實的 評價의 兩 次元은 그것이 同-한 道德行爲에서 이루어질 때 評價되어지는 評定値의 方向은 같다. 그러나 好惡水準에서는 當爲論的 立場인 成就的 評價를 하는 반면에 親熟水準에서는 存在論的 立楊인 現實的 評價로 기울어지는 傾向이 있다. 4. 道德評價에서 行爲가 이루어진 狀況의 有·無에 따라 評價는 달라진다. 즉, 狀況이 주어졌을 때는 狀況의 性質에 관계없이 狀況이 주어지지 않았을 매보다 好意的으로 評價하려는 傾向이 있다.;PROBLEMS The primary purpose of this study is to investigate what factors in acquaintance relations effect one' s moral evaluation, The study puts emphasis on acquaintance relations with the relevant situation of the moral evaluation and its evaluative, dimensions. Problems to be explored in this study will be as follows. A. To what extent, the moral evaluation is affected by the acquaintance behavior? Acquaintance behavior is appraised by the level of acquaintance and like-dislike feeling. B. To what extend, the reality evaluation that emphasises the results of behavior and the achievement evaluation that emphasises the process of behavior affects the moral evaluation with their situational factors? THE METHOD OF STUDY 'AND ITS PROCEDURE Instrument 1. Measurement of Acquaintance Relations 2. Moral Behavior Scale Subjects A sample group of 400 students, composed of 200 male and 200 female students attending the second grade of two junior high schools located in Seoul were drawn at random for the study purpose. Procedure A questionnaire for measuring the acquaintance was administered to the sample group in the classroom. The result of this measurement was classified into the levels of acquaintance and like-dislike degree. This was followed by the administration of Moral Behavior Scale. Statistical study for measuring the means(M) and standard deviation(SD) was carried out. For interpretation of significance of the result, the analysis of variance(F) as to the situation, evaluation dimension and acquaintance relations was calculated. RESULTS 1. Evaluation of moral behavior depends on the acquaintance level and like-dislike degree of the acquaintance behavior. Subjects tend to evaluate the behavior of those with high acquaintance and like-feeling level with positive favor and disfavor toward the ones with low acquaintance level. It was observed in the study that acquaintance behavior is a consistent influence factor in the process of one's moral evaluation. 2. Achievement evaluation was noticeable in the process of evaluating moral behavior of those whom the subjects hold high degree of acquaintance and like-feeling, and reality evaluation was distinctive in evaluation of the moral behavior of those whom the subjects hold low degree of acquaintance and like-feeling. 3. The two dimensions of achievement evaluation and reality evaluation in the process of moral evaluation are of equal value toward the intended measurement goal. However, achievement evaluation in an ought-to sense tends to be of better measures in like-dislike aspect and the reality evaluation in a being sense toward measurement of acquaintance level. 4. Evaluation tends to be different when given a situation relative to moral evaluation. When a situation is given, it was revealed in the study, evaluation tends to go more favorable regardless of the good-bad aspect of the situation than when the situation was not given.