中等學校 敎師들의 女性觀에 對한 硏究

Abstract

本 硏究의 目的은, 現在 우리 韓國의 中等敎員들이 가지고 있는 女性觀은 어떠한 것이며, 또한 그들이 가지고 있는 女性觀은 外國의 경우(特히 濠洲)에 比해 어떻게 다를 것인가 하는 問題를 살피고, 그 實態를 把握하여, 여기서 問題點을 찾아내는데 있다. 本 硏究에서 中等敎員을 對象으로 삼는 理由는, 그들이 다른 職種에 從事하는 사랄들에 比해 一定한 敎育과 技術訓練을 거친 比較的 安定된 生活과 社會保障이 어느 程度 되어 있는 職業이라는 點과 가장 感受性이 銳敏하고 批判力이 싹트는 靑少年 學生들에게 重要한 起點이 될 知識, 態度, 感情 및 思想을 불어 넣어주는 位値에 놓여 있다는 點으로 미루어 보아 敎員 自身이 어떤 人生觀, 女性觀을 가지고 있느냐의 問題는 매우 重要하다고 생각한 때문이다. 本 硏究의 方法은 豫洲의 敎育學者 스트워트 이, 프레이저(Stewarte. Fraser) 傳士의 硏究方法에 依하였으며, 이 方法으로 韓國과 濠洲를 比戟 對照해 보았다. 따라서 本 硏究는 프레이저 硏究에서 使用되는 質問 問項들을 그대로 韓國語로 번역하였으며, 그 理由는 같은 問項이라야 서로 比較할 수 있는 基礎가 마련되는 까닭이었다. 그리고 서울市內 中等敎員(校長, 校監, 敎師, 奬學士)들을 相對로 調査한 設問紙는 無作爲 抽出(Random Sampling)에 依하였으며, 서울市內 4個學群(東部, 西部, 南部, 北部)으로 나누어 總 35個校를 選定 調査하였다. 質問紙는 1000枚를 配付하여 總 697枚를 回收하였다.(校長 22枚, 校監 28枚, 奬學士 22枚, 敎師 625枚) 나머지 198枚 정도는 表記 不分明으로 統計에 보탬이 되지 못하였다. 다음으로 調査에 必要한 問題 問項들을 다음과 같이 크게 5個로 分類하여 調査 硏究해 보았다. 1. 女性에 대한 一般的 態度 2. 男女間의 能力 差異에 대한 態度 3. 職業에 대한 態度 4. 女性과 兒童에 대한 態度 5. 落胎手術에 대한 態度 다시 以上의 問項에 대한 應答者의 反應을 5個項에서 3個項으로 縮少시킨 다음 이 3個項에 대한 應答者數와 그의 百分率을 算出하였는데, 여기에서 얻어진 百分率은 濠洲의 境遇와 比較 硏究되었다. 다음에는 우리 中等敎員의 反應을 다시 다음과 같이 分類 整理하였다(問項別) 1. 全體 應答別 反應 2. 男女敎師別 反應 3. 年齡別 反應 4. 旣婚·未婚別 反應 5. 地域別 反應 6. 職位別 反應 이를 다시 統計學的 유의도 검증(Chi-sguare)을 實施하였다. 以上의 各種 結果는 本論에서 紹介되는 各 表 밑에 詳細히 表示하였다. 結論的으로 이 調査에 依하면, 우리나라 中等敎育에 있어 가장 指導的 立場에 놓여 있는 校長과 奬學士가 女性觀에 있어 進步性과 保守性의 兩面을 그대로 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 濠洲의 경우와는 달리 韓國의 敎員들이 女性觀에 있어 "完全"한 進步性을 가지고 있지 않고 保守와 進步의 兩面을 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 상태는 社會變化理論과 結付되어 그 原因등 앞으로의 硏究課題로 남겨야 할 問題이다.;The primary purpose of the present study is to inquire into what is the view of womanhood conceived by secondary school teachers in Korea and how their view of womanhood differs from that of those in foreign countries(especially Australia), thereby grasping its realities and finding out problems involved therein. The reason why secondary school teachers are adopted as the subject of this study is that they maintain comparatively stabilized living and social standing through certain education and technical training compared with those engaged in other professions; they are in a position to infuse knowledge, attitude, emotion and ideas into young students in whom critical power begins to develop with keen sensibility and that their view of life and womanhood are considered to be important stimuli in the early stage of young students. The present study was carried out in accordance with the method designed by Australian pedagogist Dr. Stewart E. Fraser and Korea was compared with Australia by this method. Accordingly the items of question used by Dr. Fraser were also used in this study after having translated them into Korean without any modification for the convenience of comparative investigation. Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 35 schools selecied and they were divided into 4 school groups (eastern part, western part, southern part and northern part) in Seoul City. The questionnaires collected from secondary school teachers (principal, head teacher, teacher and supervison) in Seoul City were sampled randomly. A total of 697 sheets (22 principals, 28 head teachers, 22 supervisors and 625 teachers) were collected out of 1,000 sheets of questionnaires distributed. The rest 198 sheets were not helpful for statistical purpose due to their ambiguous inscription. The items of question necessary for the investigation were classified largely into 5 items as follows : 1) General attitude toward ferninity. 2) Attitude toward the difference of ability between the sexes. 3) Attitude toward occupations. 4) Attitude toward feminity and children. 5) Attitude toward the operation for abortion. The responses of respondents to the items of the above were reduced to 3 items and the number of respondents to these 3 items and their percent were computed. The percent obtained was investigated in comparison with that of Australia. The responses of our secondary school teachers were further classified and consolidated by item of question as follows : 1) Responses by total respondents. 2) Responses by male and female teachers. 3) Responses by age. 4) Responses by area. 5) Responses by job title. The verification of statistical significance was carried out on these items by means of chi-square. The results obtained are as indicated in detail under each table shown in the present paper. In conclusion, principal and school inspector who are in the leading position on our secondary education have both sides of progressiveness and conservativeness in their view of womanhood. Differing from the case of Australia, Korean teachers have not "complete" progressiveness but both of conservativeness and progressiveness. This phenomenon leaves room for further study in connection with the theory of social change.