韓國託兒事業의 運營 및 保育에 關한 硏究

Abstract

Ⅰ. 序論 託兒事業은 兒童福祉事業의 일환으로써 國家社會의 發展에 重要한 役割을 擔當하고 있다. 우리나라 託兒施設 數는 1977年 8月末 現在 607個 施設에 達하고 있으며 1968年 3月부터 施行된 未認可 託兒施設 臨時措置 要領에 의거 法人이 아닌 個人은 臨時 認可를 받아 運營하게 함으로써 급격한 成長을 하였으나 施設設備의 不實, 運營費의 不足, 保育過程의 불실, 財政支援의 非合理 및 이에 대한 實踐的 硏究不足 등 많은 問題點이 있어 그 合理的인 指導育成을 위한 새로운 방안이 要請됐다. 따라서 이 硏究는 託兒事業의 健全한 發展과 育成을 위하여 그 運營實態 및 保育實態 등을 調査 分析하여 그 問題點을 中心으로 合理的인 育成方案을 摸索한 實際的인 硏究를 하였다. Ⅱ. 託兒事業의 歷史的 背景과 定義를 다루고 託兒事業의 必要性을 다루어 보았다. Ⅲ. 託兒事業의 運營과 保育에 대한 理論的 과제로써 施設의 運營管理, 保育內容, 保育方法등을 다루었다. Ⅳ. 託兒事業에 대한 運營 및 保育實態 分析을 全國 607個 施設을 모집단으로 서울시 소재 92個中 20個施設을 표본 추출하여 現地調査에 의거 20名의 施設長과 40名의 敎師를 對象으로 설문지를 받아 調査 分析한 바 다음과 같은 問題點을 發見하였다. 1. 運營管理上의 問題點으로 가. 施設의 영세성 나. 定員을 超過한 兒童委託 다. 託兒施設의 運營目的에 대한 혼돈 라. 不合理한 子母會 運營 마. 委託이 절실히 要求되는 兒童의 不委託 바. 未 法人化 問題 2. 保育上의 問題點으로써 가. 敎師의 과다한 兒童擔當 나. 非 組織的인 保育 프로그램 進行 다. 保育書籍의 不充分 Ⅴ. 實態分析에서 나타난 問題點을 中心으로 託兒事業의 運營과 保育上의 改善方案을 다음과 같이 提案하였다. 1. 運營者의 役割面으로 가. 施設의 補完 나. 運營方案의 硏究開發 다. 合理的인 자모회 運營의 摸索 라. 施設의 法人化 마. 專門職員의 採用과 資質向上을 위한 支援 2. 保育指導上의 面에서는 가. 組織的인 프로그램 作成 나. 영아를 포함한 對象兒童의 擴大 다. 合理的인 保育指導 3. 法的 制度的 面에서 가. 施設의 법인화와 積極的인 財源支援 나. 託兒施設의 擴張과 財政支援의 合理化 다. 國·公立 託兒施設의 設置擴大 Ⅵ. 結論 託兒施設의 健全한 發展을 위한 責任은 託兒施設 運營者에게만 있는 것이 아니라, 敎師의 保育方法 國家의 積極的이며 誠實한 指導監督을 위한 法的, 制度的 保障이 必要함을 再認識하였다. 끝으로 筆者가 改善方案으로 提示한 方案이 實行되지 않는한 國家發展에 寄與할 수 있는 健全한 託兒事業 運營은 어려울 것으로 생각해 보았다.;Ⅰ. Instruction. As a part of child welfare program, the day care service has a important place in the development of a nation and society. As of the end of August, 1977, there were 607 such facilities. But this rapid numerical growth was due to the temporary measure taken in March, 1968 which allowed some of the privately operated facilities without license. There has been found out several problems in the matter such as poor facilities, the lack of fund, the weakness of educational program, the irrational administration, and the each of studies in related field. This study, therefore, concerns itself basically with practical aspects with an attempt to grope a rational plan for caring children for the purpose of improving and upbringing of a healthy day care service as an outcome of a careful survey on and a close analysis of the present operation and education program in child care. Ⅱ. This study concerns the historical background, definition of day care facilities and its necessity. Ⅲ. This study concerns the operation of institutions, contents and the way of nurture as a theorial subject of day care service. Ⅳ. For analyzing of the present situation of operation nurture of day care service, those among 607 day care facilities in whole country, 20 facilities were extracted for sample survey in Seoul where there are 92 such facilities. According to the result from the question papers given to 20 teachers and 40 chives of the facilities in that actual place and from the analyzing of the above papers, there were found out following problems. 1. To the aspect of operation a. poverty of facilities. b. exceeding entrust of children c. the chaos to loperation aim for day care facilities. d. the irrational operation of Mothers' meeting. e. none-nurture for the children being needed nurture. 2. to the aspect of nurture problems. a. teachers' exceeding charge for children b. the un-systematic procedure of nurture program c. the lack of books for nurture. Ⅴ. It is proposed the reformation method for operation and nurture of day care service which is based on the points arrisen among the actual condition survey as followings. 1. to the role aspect of operation a. Improvement of facilities b. development for operation method. c. the rational groping for operation of Mothers' meeting. d. Incorporation of the day care system e. the enlargement of proffesional staff and strong support for improvement of quality 2. to the aspect of nurture and guidance. a. the making out of systematical program b. rational nurture and guidance. c. Magnifies and object of trust child indussion a body. 3. to the aspect of law and system. a. incorporation of system and positive support of financing. b. the enlargement of the facilities and rationalization of financing support. c. Establish a national and public day care centers. Ⅵ. CONCLUSION. The responsibility for healthy improvement of day care service program is not only to the operators. It is also depanded on the teachers' education method, the nation's strong, positive and sincere support, lawful and systematical guarantee. Finally, unless it would attain the ways that are presented by the writer, it is very hard to realize the healthy operation of day care service that will contribute to nation's develepment.