한국교육자치제도에 관한 기초적 연구

Abstract

The purposes of this study are to explore the problems of the educational self-governing system, to improve about it, and to promote the making foundations in order to realize the independence and the separation from the centralization of educational administration and the public administration. To achieve these purposes, it was studied the theoretical background of the educational self-governing system and the educational administration through the method of documentation, and it was attempted to approach to the historical survey of the educational self-governing system from its introduction to now. It was analysized the systematic and the operational aspects of the basic principle in the educational self-governing system in accordance with how much it was reflected in the current educational self-governing system. The educational self-governing system has been required, for the democratization of education and undergone changes of the abolition and the restoration since the first its practice in 1952. On the basis of these analyses, the following problems have been drawn; a. The tendency to the centralization of power in educational administration. b. Becoming in the large educational district where can be controlled by Boards of Education. c. The problem being subject to the public administration, for example, a veto of the chief (mayor, governor) of the Provincial self-governing body. d. The problem of the educational personnel management including the selection of the superintendent and the member of Boards of Education. e. The problem of the educational finance being subject to the public administration. The reform about them should be like that; a. Establishment of the special self-governing body on education b. Abolition of a veto of the chief of the public administration c. Expansion of the dimension on Boards of Education. d. Being in the small educational district where can be controlled by Boards of Education. e. Method of selection of the superintendent and the member o f Boards of Education. f. Adoption of independent system of taxation for changing a property tax and a specified tax etc. int o the educational finance in order t o ensure the educational finance. Conclusion is that it i s necessary for the amendment of legislative laws related to the education to realize these reforms.;본 연구는 교육자치제도의 문제점을 탐색하여 개선방안을 제시해서 교육행정의 지방분권과 일반행정으로부터의 분리·독립을 실현할 수 있는 기틀 마련을 촉진 하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적의 달성을 위하여 문헌조사 방법으로 자치제, 교육행정, 교육자치제도의 이론적 배경을 연구하고 교육자치제 도입 부터 현재까지의 사적고찰과 헌법·교육법등 관련 실정법 분석을 병행해서 접근하였다. 교육자치제도의 기본원리가 우리 나라의 현행 교육자치제에 얼마나 반영되고 있는가를 준거의 틀로 하여 제도적인 면과 운영적인 면에서 분석하였다. 교육자치제도는 교육의 민주화를 위해 필요한 제도이며 우리는 1952년 첫 실시 이래 폐지·부활의 변천을 거쳐왔으며 문제점은 ○ 교육행정의 중앙집권화 경향, ○ 교육구 크기의 대형화, ○ 지방자치단체장의 거부권 등 일반행정에의 예속, ○교육감·교육위원 선임을 비롯한 교육인사행정의 문제, ○ 교육재정의 일반행정에의 예속 등이다. 그 개선점으로 ○ 교육특별자치단체 설치, ○ 거부권 폐지, ○ 교육위원회의 규모확대 ○ 교육구 크기의 축소 ○ 교육감 및 교육위원의 선임방법 변경, ○ 재산세 등 특정 세금을 교육재정으로 확보하는 독립세제 채택 등이다. 이러한 개선을 실현시키기 위해서는 교육관련 법규의 개정 및 세제 개편이 필요하다고 결론지었다.