한국산 천남성속과 반하속식물의 분류학적 연구

Abstract

This study was proposed to investigate the taxonomic relationships among Arisaemae and Pinelliae by characteristics of gross morphology, anatomy, cytology and chemical components in cell contents. Arisaemae and its allied species were variable in the shapes and known to be exceedingly polymorphic, therefore its discrimination considerably difficult. The numbers of chromosomes in the diploid of Arisaema amurense and Arisaema ringens were 28, while Arisaema robustum and Arisaema heterophyllum were 56 and about 140. A pair of satellite chromosome was observed only in the male plants of both A. amurense and A. robustum. The numbers for Pinellia ternata were 112, while for Pinellia tripartita were 52. There were large graine in mucilage duct of P. tripartita, but not observed in P. ternata and Arisaemae. The large grains of P. tripartita were identified as cyanides. Schizogenous secretory tissue was observed in Arisaemae and lysiogenous secretory tissue with especially remarkable mucilage viscosity was observed in P. tripartita. Comparative studies revealed that P. tripartita resembled to the taxa of Arisaemae rather than P. ternata in anatomical structure. Arisaemae and Pinelliae possess a crystal pattern with characteristics of a bundle of raphides of calcium benzoate and their other chemical components and the shapes were extremely variable. As for the amount of proteins and aromatic acid in A. heterophyllum showed significantly differ than the others. Lectin activity and hemolysis were strong in A. heterophyllum while less so in A. ringens. P. ternata had the strongest lectin activity and hemolysis among P. tripartita and Arisaemae. Arisaemae and Pinelliae were known to be close in morphology, but in present study they showed significantly different biochemical and physicochemical properties not only between the genus but also among the species. ; 生藥的으로 重要한 천남성科植物中 韓國産 천남성屬 4種과 반하屬 2種에 對하여 形態學的 및 細胞學的으로 考察하여 그 形態學的인 特徵과 組織構造 및 細胞內含有物의 形質등을 比較하여 植物分類學的 知見과 理化學的 知見에 依하여 屬問 또는 種問의 類緣關係를 밝힌 것이다. 外形的으로 천남성과 넓은잎천남성은 서로 類似하나 染色體數가 28 및 56이며 蛋白質含量은 僅少한 差異가 있을뿐 이었다. 큰천남성의 染色體數는 천남성과 같이 28이었고 두루미천남성은 140이었다. 蛋白質含量은 큰천남성이 가장 적었고 두루미천남성이 가장 많아 種間의 差異點이었다. 두루미천남성은 球莖에 Ca 및 Mg과 芳香酸의 含量이 많았으며 凝集活性度와 溶血作用이 뚜렷하였다. 반하와 큰반하는 珠芽가 붙은 葉柄으로 區別이 되며 반하의 染色體數는 112인데 反하여 큰반하는 52이다. 蛋白質含量에 있어 반하는 가장 높았으며 無機成分의 含量에 있어 두루미천남성보다는 적었으나, 凝集活性度 및 溶血作用은 가장 强하였다. 큰반하는 組織上의 特徵과 粘液質의 粘度가 가장 컸으며 cyanide 系物質도 存在하였다.