學校環境實態에 關한 衛生學的 考察

Abstract

The purpose of this survey is to know the influence of environmental hygienic state on students in Elementary school. Environmental hygienic state of elementary school in Seoul area was surveyed by measuring elements of temperature, relative humidity, dry kata-cooling power, air movement, discomfort index, effective temperature, comfort zone, falling dust and bacteria! count, concentration of carbon dioxide, illumination and noise from February 27 to May 12, 1968. The subjects were divided into five groups. There are residential-area, commercial-area, industrial-area, educational-area and green-area. And these are composed of A, B, C and D rank in according to Board of Education, Seoul City. Results : In weather elements which were temperature, relative humidity, dry kata-cooling power, air movement and effective temperature, the indoors of the subjects belonged to comfort range on the whole. But it was no more than 22% in the rate of belonging to comfort zone. The average concentration of carbon dioxide which is an index air pollution was 0-129% (0.071-0.232%) in classrooms. It was unsuitable to the hygienic state, Also they were significantly different among the subjects ; the educational and green-area were relatively better than others. The average count of falling dust in classrooms were 4.3 gm/M2/week (l.4 11.5 gm/M2/week). They were as about 1.5 times as the teacher's offices. And the subject to be measured as maximum counts of falling dust had 3 times more than the minimum. In composition of dust, the average organic dust was 33.2% (7.0-92.7%) and inorganic dust 66.5 (7.3-93.x). The higher grade classes became, the more organic dust increased. And the average inorganic dust in the teacher's offices was 73.5% (62.4-93.3%). Commercial-area held the most concentration for organic dust of the areas. The average falling bacterial count was 34 (1-126) in the classrooms and 12 in teacher's offices and 12% of the classrooms was beyond of the criteria, 75. In falling bacterial count, the classrooms of C and D rank schools had about 2 times more than A and B rank schools. In ventilation, the average amount of natural ventilation was 1474㎥/hr, (600-4312 ㎥/hr.) and necessary ventilation was 1193㎥/hr. (735-1455㎥/hr.) In number of ventilation, the natural was average 7.6times/hr. (1.6-21.5times/hr.) and the necessary, 6.3times/hr. (1.7-13.7times/hr). But 40% among the subjects were required to artificially ventilation 1.2times/hr more. It was shown that the more air space per man in the classroom decreased, the more necessary number of artifical ventilation increased. As the above results, 45% of the classrooms among the subjects were unsuitable to environmental hygienic state. Especially the schools situated at industrial-area were comparatively unsuitable to study and the schools situated at green-area, which were estimated with good environment, were actually unsuitable because of inadequate facilities and adjustment. On the other hand, most of teacher's offices, 12/13, were suitable conditions. The average space of the classrooms was 64.5㎥(37.2-127.8㎥), it was small, compared with the legal ones. The size of main window should be one tenth more of the floor space in classroom but 10% of the classrooms were under the above regular. In illumination, the average lightness was 116.3FC (18.1-823.4FC) in the classrooms which was 4 times more than legal ones. The average light*ness and projecting rate of outside parts in the classrooms were 271.4FC (36.6-518.2FC) and 9.2% (4.3-15.1%), which were respectively 11 and 7 times of inside parts. The average lightness of chalkboard was 33.2FC (14.4-81.0FC). It was applicable to 28% of indoors. In noise, the average levels as over all were 63 db during no works and 75 db during works in classroom, 81 db at ground, 83 db at corridors, 84 db at steps, and 73 db in neighbor noise. In the school situated near the air port, it was average 86 db, over the criteria. As the intensities of over all sounds being analyzed with CPS, the highest intensity was, in general, detected at 1000 CPS. The average S. I. L. (Speech Interfernce Level) was 65.8 db and N. C. (Noise Criteria) 46.4 db. These result were shown to be disturbed the conversation between teachers and students in class.