韓國新聞規制의 변천에 대한 考察

Abstract

이 論文은 韓國 新聞制約의 변천에 대해 歷史的으로 서술하고, 現行法中 言論의 目由를 制限하는 法案項에 對하여 硏究하고 問題点을 제기하고저 한 것이다. 우리나라는 舊韓國 時代 朝報의 發行을 制約한 것을 발단으로, 統監府, 朝鮮總督府, 美業政, 自由 政權, 民主黨 政權, 5.16軍事革命 政權下에서 新聞은 많은 制約을 받아왔다. 言論에 對한 統制로는 經濟的 統制, 社會的 統制, 情報源에 대한 統制等 수많은 要因들이 있겠지만 여기서는 주로 政治的, 法的 統制에 對해 살펴보았다. 第Ⅱ章에서는 舊韓國時代의 王權에의한 新聞 制約 즉 王의 절대권력에 대한 비판에 대한 경계로써 始作된 新聞 規制에 對해 살펴보았으며, 쇄국政策으로 인해 近代化가 뒤늦었던 우리나라가 막 近代化의 길을 걷는 時期에 있어서 時代的 배경과 世界정세, 그리고 한반도로 진출하려는 日本 帝國主義의 출현등에 대해서 언급하였고, 日本의 韓國의 民族性을 말살하기 위한 基本 政策으로서의 言論 彈壓과 그에 따르는 諸法規에 對해서 알아보았다. 第Ⅲ章에서는 日本의 韓國에 對한 植民政策의 일환으로서 무력정치,文化政治실시, 民衆의 指導者인 民族紙들에 대한 彈壓에 對해 살펴 보았으며 第Ⅳ章에서는 해방 후 左翼紙들의 범람을 막기위해 취해진 美軍政 당국의 新聞規制 政策에 對해서 檢討하였다. 第Ⅴ章에서는 大韓民國 樹立後 自由 , 民主 政權下에서의 新聞들에 對한 法的 規制에 대하여 살펴보았으며 5.16軍事革命 以後 無秩序한 新聞界들 정리하기 위해 취해진 規制등에 대하여 훑어보았다. 第Ⅵ章에서는 個人의 法益, 社會的 法益의 보호만이 言論 自由의 法的 統制要因으로 作用하는 것이 아니고 國家安保나 反共과 같은 國家의 基本 秩序를 보호해야하는 必要性이 言論의 規制要因으로 作用될 수도 있다는 전제下에서 現行法上 言論의 自由를 制限하는 諸法規들을 살펴보고 여기에서의 問題点이 되는 것들 즉 法自體에 귀걸이 코걸이 式의 解析이 가능한 여지가 있는 것, 그리고 法 自體에 人權이 不當하게 유린될 여지가 있는 것들에 對해서는 改正의 必要性이 있다고 言及하였다. 이렇게 살펴볼 때에 言論이란 自由에 對해 責任이 수반될 때 가장 바람직하며 國家의 이익과 發展이란 커다란 차원에서 볼때에 政府와 言論은 상부상조해야 하는 운명적인 관계라고 생각된다.;Providing a basis for the future development of the Korean press, this thesis is motivated to describe the history of the Korean press and to analyze the legal and political suppression on the freedom of the press. Beginning with the suppression on the publication of 'Cho-Bo' in the late Lee Dynasty, the freedom of speech and publication has been restricted through the periods of the government general under Japanese colonization, the American military rule, the Liberal Party government, the Democratic Party government and the military revolution government after May 16, 1961. Through the periods, the degree of the freedom of the speech and publication has been inversely related to the degree of absolute power attached to a ruler. The researcher is mainly concerned about the legal and political suppression on the freedom of speech and publication, even though the social, economic pressure and pressure on the source of information are as important as the legal and political pressure. In the second chapter, the researcher deals with the suppression on the freedom of speech and publication in the late Lee Dynasty. The pressure on the freedom of speech and publication originated mainly to prevent the criticism on the monarchy. To help understanding the repression on the freedom of speech and publication, the researcher briefly reviewed the political development on the Korean peninsula in the period. The modernization of Korea was delayed by a national isolation policy in the late Lee Dynasty. The delay in the modernization and development of Korea inevitably resulted in the invasion of the Japanese Imperialism. Since Japan took measures to eliminate the racial pride of Korean in the early period of colonization, the researcher put more emphasis on the legal and political repression on the freedom of speech and publication. In the third chapter, the researcher investigated the repression on the leading Korean newspapers in the different phases of policies with force of arms and cultural policies. Under Japanese colonization, that Korean newspapers made a contribution to educating Korean. In the fourth chapter, the researcher investigated the measures taken on the freedom of speech and publication under American military rule after emancipation from Japan. The freedom of speech and publication was regulated to prevent the overflow of left-Leaned Korean newspapers. In the fifth chapter, the researcher investigated legal restrictions on the freedom of spech and publication under the liberal party government and the Democratic Party government after the formation of independent Korean government. In the sixth chapter, the researcher reviewed the current legal restrictions on the freedom of the press, under the assumption that the freedom of the press can be regulated not only to protect the social and legal right of individual but also to maintain the basic order and security from the infiltration of communism. The researcher also suggested to amend the restrictions on the freedom of the press which can be interpreted in several different ways and abused to restrict the freedom of individual improperly. In the light of my analysis, the freedom of the press should be accompanied by the responsibility of the press to a society. For the benefit of a society, the press should cooperate with the government in the field of maintaining the basic order and security of a society. At the same time, the governments should do her best to guarantee the maximum freedom of the press.