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dc.contributor.author조인희-
dc.creator조인희-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-25T04:08:40Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-25T04:08:40Z-
dc.date.issued2007-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000020343-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/179833-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000020343-
dc.description.abstractIn this study, metabolic fingerprinting which applies principal component analysis (PCA) to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data sets allowed different grades of pine-mushrooms to be discriminated, and volatile and non-volatile metabolites that contributed to their discrimination were assigned. The volatile and non-volatile metabolites, which were related to their differentiation, were phenylpropyl alcohol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, dimethyl sulfone, dihydro-2(3H)-furanone and others, and choline, trehalose, threonine, leucine/isoleucine, succinic acid, alanine and fumaric acid, respectively. Also, this approach could help to observe the changes in the metabolites of pine-mushrooms during the heat treatments. Heat-treatment resulted in decreases in the contents of alanine and leucine/isoleucine, whereas a higher proportion of carbonyls and pyrazines were produced. On the other hand, the aroma-active compounds of pine-mushrooms were identified by using GC-olfactometry (GC-O) with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The major aroma-active compounds of pine-mushrooms were 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanone, and 1-octanol which had been described as the typical mushroom odor note. In addition, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, linalool, methional, hexanal, phenylethyl alcohol, (E)-2-decenal, a-terpineol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, limonene, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-hexanol, and ethyl octanoate could contribute to the characteristic odor notes of raw pine-mushrooms. By contrast, methional, 2-acetythiazole, and an unknown compound, together with C8 compounds, were found as important aroma-active compounds of cooked pine-mushrooms. Also, the profiles of volatiles and key odorants differed significantly between the different fruit bodies of pine-mushroom, with methyl cinnamate dominating in the pileus body and the contents of C8 components, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, and (E)-2-octen-1-ol, being higher in the stipe body. The FD factors of 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, and 3-octanone were higher in stipe body, whereas the FD factors of linalool, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-methly-3-buten-2-ol, a-terpineol, and (E)-2-decenal being reverse. On the other hand, partial least square regression (PLSR) could be effective in revealing the relationship between instrumental and sensory analyses of pine-mushrooms according to their grades. Piny, meaty, and floral attributes were strongly correlated with each other and were the most important descriptors for defining the pine-mushrooms of the highest grade, and they decreased as the grade was lowered. (E)-2-Decenal, a-terpineol, phenylethyl alcohol, and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate could be related to these attributes. On the other hand, the major aroma characteristics of the pine-mushrooms of the lowest grade were wet-soil-like, alcohol, metallic, moldy, and fermented, and they decreased as the grade increased. These aroma characteristics were strongly associated with 1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, 3-octanone, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, and methional.;본 연구에서는 metabolomics를 이용하여 국내의 대표적인 고부가가치 임산물인 송이버섯의 등급별 및 열처리에 따른 대사체 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 가스 크로마토그래피-질량분석법 (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)과 핵자기공명법 (nuclear magnetic resonance) 등의 기기분석법에 다변량통계기법 (multivariate statistical anaylsis)을 적용함으로써, 송이버섯의 휘발성 및 비휘발성 대사체의 프로파일 패턴 (profiling pattern)의 차이 및 변화를 평가하였다. Phenylpropyl alcohol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, dimethyl sulfone, dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 등의 휘발성 대사체와 choline, trehalose, threonine, leucine/isoleucine, succinic acid, alanine, fumaric acid 등의 비휘발성 대사체 등이 국내산 송이버섯의 등급을 평가하는데 기여하는 화합물로 분석되었으며, 송이버섯이 열처리됨에 따라 alanine과 leucine/isoleucine 등의 아미노산 함량은 적어지고, 상대적으로 carbonyls과 pyrazines의 생성은 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 한편, 향추출물희석분석법 (aroma extract dilution analysis)을 이용한 가스크로마토그래피-후각분석법 (GC-olfactometry)으로 국내산 송이버섯의 향 특성을 분석하였다. 버섯 특유의 곰팡이 냄새에 기여하는 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanone, and 1-octanol 등의 향 성분들이 높은 향 희석배수 (flavor dilution)를 가져 송이버섯의 중요한 향기활성성분 (aroma-active compound)으로 동정되었으며, 그 밖에 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, linalool, methional, hexanal, phenylethyl alcohol, (E)-2-decenal, a-terpineol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, limonene, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-hexanol, ethyl octanoate 등의 향 성분들이 생송이버섯 특유의 향 특성에 관여하는 향기활성성분으로서 확인되었고, methional, 2-acetylyhiazeol, 미동정 화합물이 가열 처리된 송이버섯의 중요한 향기활성성분으로 분석되었다. 한편, 송이버섯은 부위별로 다른 향 특성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 송이버섯에서 50% 이상의 정량치를 차지하였던 methyl cinnamate가 갓 부위에서 대부분 검출되었으며, 반면 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol 등의 C8 화합물의 함량은 대 부위에서 상대적으로 많은 양을 함유하였다. 또한, 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanone 등의 곰팡이 냄새에 기여하는 향기활성성분의 향 희석배수가 상대적으로 대 부위에서 높게 나타났으며, 송이버섯 특유의 향 특성에 기여하는 linalool, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-methly-3-buten-2-ol, a-terpineol, (E)-2-decenal 등의 향 희석배수는 상대적으로 갓 부위에서 높은 양상을 보였다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 가스 크로마토그래피-후각분석법과 관능검사를 통하여 국내산 송이버섯의 등급별 향미특성을 이해하고, 여기에 부분최소평방회귀분석 (partial least square regression)의 다변량통계방법을 적용함으로써 이들의 상관관계를 규명하였다. 솔잎 향미, 고기 향미, 꽃 향미 등의 향미특성은 서로 높은 상관관계를 가지며, 송이버섯의 등급이 높을수록 이 특성들이 우세한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 향미특성에 기여하는 향기활성성분들로는 (E)-2-decenal, a-terpineol, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 등이 확인되었다. 반면, 송이버섯의 등급이 낮을수록 젖은 흙 향미, 알코올 향미, 금속 향미, 곰팡이 향미, 발효 향미 등의 향미특성이 우세하며, 이들은 서로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 1-Octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, 3-octanone, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, methional 등의 향기활성성분들이 이러한 향미특성에 기여하는 화합물로서 동정되었다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsChapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Metabolomic Analysis 5 1.2. Mushroom Flavor 9 1.3. Instrumental Ananlysis-Sensory Evaluation 13 LITERATURE CITED 24 Chapter 2. Difference in Volatile Composition of Pine-Mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) According to Their Grades 38 Abstract 38 2.1. Introduction 39 2.2. Materials and Methods 40 2.2.1. Solvents and Chemicals 40 2.2.2. Materials 41 2.2.3. Extract of Volatiles 41 2.2.4. Analysis by GC-MS 42 2.2.5. Identification of Volatiles 42 2.2.6. Statistical Analysis of GC-MS Data 43 2.3. Results and Discussion 43 2.3.1. Compositions of volatile components in raw and cooked pine-mushrooms 43 2.3.2. Comparison of volatile components in raw pine-mushrooms of different grades 51 2.3.3. Comparison of volatile components in cooked pine-mushrooms of different grades 54 LITERATURE CITED 59 Chapter 3. Metabolomic Discrimination of Different Grades of Pine-Mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) Using 1H NMR Spectrometry and Multivariate Data Analysis 64 Abstract 64 3.1. Introduction 65 3.2. Materials and Methods 66 3.2.1. Pine-mushroom samples 66 3.2.2. Solvents and chemicals 67 3.2.3. Extraction 67 3.2.4. NMR measurements 67 3.2.5. Data analysis 68 3.3. Results and Discussion 68 3.3.1. Visual inspection of 1H NMR spectra and assignment of components 68 3.3.2. PCA analysis of raw pine-mushrooms 73 3.3.3. PCA analysis of cooked pine-mushrooms 77 LITERATURE CITED 81 Chapter 4. Assessment of Changes in Volatile compositions of Pine-Mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) During the Heat Treatments 84 Abstract 84 4.1. Introduction 85 4.2. Materials and Methods 86 4.2.1. Solvent and chemicals 86 4.2.2. Materials 87 4.2.3. Extraction of volatiles 87 4.2.4. GC-MS 87 4.2.5. Identification 88 4.2.6. Statistical analysis 88 4.3. Results and Discussion 89 4.3.1. Volatile profiles in raw and cooked pine-mushrooms 89 4.3.2. PCA analysis 94 LITERATURE CITED 101 Chapter 5. Classification of Different Fruit Bodies of Pine-Mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) According to Different Cooking Times by Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to NMR Data Sets 105 Abstract 105 5.1. Introduction 106 5.2. Materials and Methods 107 5.2.1. Chemicals 107 5.2.2. Materials 108 5.2.3. Extraction 108 5.2.4. NMR 110 5.2.5. Data analysis 110 5.3. Results and Discussion 111 5.3.1. 1H NMR spectra and assignment of components 111 5.3.2. Classification of pine-mushrooms based on PCA 111 LITERATURE CITED 120 Chapter 6. Characterization of Aroma-Active Compounds in Raw and Cooked Pine-Mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) 124 Abstract 124 6.1. Introduction 125 6.2. Materials and Methods 126 6.2.1. Materials 126 6.2.2. Chemicals 127 6.2.3. Extraction of volatile components 127 6.2.4. Fractionation by column chromatograpy 127 6.2.5. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 128 6.2.6. Gas chromatography-olfactometry 128 6.2.7. Identification of aroma-active compounds 129 6.3. Results and Discussion 129 6.3.1. Aroma-active compounds of raw pine-mushrooms 135 6.3.2. Aroma-active compounds of cooked pine-mushrooms 140 LITERATURE CITED 142 Chapter 7. Volatiles and Key Odorants in the Pileus and Stipe Bodies of Pine-Mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) 147 Abstract 147 7.1. Introduction 148 7.2. Materials and Methods 149 7.2.1. Materials 149 7.2.2. Chemicals 149 7.2.3. Extraction of volatiles 149 7.2.4. Fractionation by column chromatograpy 151 7.2.5. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 151 7.2.6. Gas chromatography-olfactometry 152 7.2.7. Identification of aroma-active compounds 152 7.3. Results and Discussion 153 7.3.1. Volatile components in different fruit bodies of pine-mushrooms 153 7.3.2. Key odorants in different fruit bodies of pine-mushrooms 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 Chapter 8. Differentiation of Aroma Characteristics of Pine-Mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) of Different Grades Using Gas Chromatography-Olfacotometry (GC-O) and Sensory Anaylsis 164 Abstract 164 8.1. Introduction 165 8.2. Materials and Methods 167 8.2.1. Chemicals 167 8.2.2. Sample materials 167 8.2.3. Extraction of volatiles 167 8.2.4. Fractionation by column chromatograpy 167 8.2.5. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) 168 8.2.6. Gas chromatography-olfactometry(GC-O) 168 8.2.7. Identification of aroma-active compounds 169 8.2.8. Panel selection and training for sensory evaluation 169 8.2.9. Sample preparation and evaluation procedure 169 8.2.10. Statistical analysis 171 8.3. Results and Discussion 172 8.3.1. Aroma-active compounds in pine-mushrooms of different grades 172 8.3.2. Sensory evaluation of pine-mushrooms of different grades 176 8.3.3. Relationship between GC-O and sensory data sets 179 LITERATURE CITED 183 Chapter 9. CONCLUSION 189 국문초록 190 APPENDIX 192 감사의 글 195 VITA 197-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent4047982 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleCharacterization of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.)-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.title.translated국내산 송이버섯의 휘발성 및 비휘발성 대사체 특성 규명-
dc.format.pagexiii, 198 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 식품공학과-
dc.date.awarded2007. 2-
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