家庭의 心理的 環境이 兒童의 不安에 미치는 영향

Abstract

人間의 歷史와 共存해온 不安은 많은 心理學者들의 硏究에 依해 그 重要性이 널리 認定되고 있다. 不安은 특히 人間이 최초로 겪게 되는 家庭環境 안에서 많은 影響을 받으리라는 前提로 本 硏究에서는 兒童을 對象으로 하여 家庭環境의 心理的 要因이 不安形成에 미치는 影響을 알아 보려는데 그 目的이 있다. 따라서 本 硏究에서 具體的으로 밝히고자 하는 問題는 다음과 같다. 1. 家庭의 價値指向性으로 「社會上昇主義」와 「物質指向主義」 및 「傳統主義」는 全體 및 男女別로, 상하집단간에서 一般不安과 試驗不安 및 全休不安에 有意味한 差異가 있는가? 2. 家庭의 集團性格으로 「役割期待」와 「相互態度」 및 「凝結力」은 全體 및 男女別로, 상하집단간에서 一般不安과 試驗不安 및 全體不安에 有意한 差가 나는가? 3. 家庭의 心理的過程으로 「成就」, 「開放」, 「親愛」, 「自律」은 全體 및 男女別로, 上下集團間에서 一般不安과 試驗不安 및 全體不安에 有意味한 差異가 있는가? 이를 위해 서울 시내에 있는 國民學校 5學年生 560名을 對象으로 不安檢査(Sarason, Davidson, Lighthall ＆ Waite 1960)와 家庭環境 診斷檢査 (鄭 元植 1970 )을 實施하였으며, 家庭環境 診斷檢査의 各 要因에 따라 全體 및 男女別 上下集團으로 區分하여 이들 集團의 一般不安과 試驗不安 및 全體不安水準을 t검증을 使用하여 살펴보았다. 그 結果 다음과 같은 事實이 밝혀졌다. 1. 家庭의 價値指向性 要因中 杜會上昇主義는 全體 被驗者의 試驗不安에만 影響을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다.(P＜.05). 物質指向主義는 女兒의 경우에만 全體不安(P＜.05)과 試驗不安(P＜.05)에 서 상하집단간에 有意한 差異를 나타냈다. 또, 傳統主義는 全體의 상하집단간에 全體不安(p＜.05)과 一般不安 (p＜.05), 勇兒의 상하집단간의 全體不安(p＜.01)과 一般不安(p＜.01)에서 有意한 差를 보였다. 2. 家庭의 集團性格 要因中에서 役割期待와 家族構成員 相互間의 態度는 兒童의 不安程度에 有意한 影響을 보이지 않고 있으며, 家庭의 凝結力은 全體의 上下集團(p＜.05) 및 女兒의 上下集團(p＜.05)間에서 상집단보다 하집단에 有意하제 試驗不安이 높게 나타나고 있다. 3. 家庭의 心理的過程 要因中에서 成就壓力은 試驗不安에서만 全體(p＜.05)와 女兒(p＜.05)의 상하집단간에 有意한 差를 나타냈다. 開放要因은 全休集團의 경우 상하집단간에 金體不安(p＜.01)과 一般不安(p＜.001)에서 높게 有意味한 差가 나타났으며, 女兒의 경우에는 상하집단간에 全體不安(p<.01)과 一般不安(p＜.05)에서, 그리고 男兒에게서는 一般不安(p＜.05)에서 有意한 差異를 보이고 있다. 親愛要因은 全體의 상하집단간에 全體不安(p＜.01)과 試驗不安(p＜.01)에서 意意있는 差異를 나타냈으며, 女兒의 경우에는 상하집단간에 全體不安(p＜.001)과 一般不安(p＜.001) 및 試驗不安(p＜.01)에서 아주 높게 有意한 差를 보였다. 반면에 自律은 아동의 不安形成에 有意있는 差를 보이지 않았다.;There has been broudly acknowleged by what Many Psychologists have made investigations, the importance of Anxiety which has been coexisting with human being's history. Assuming that Anxiety, especially in the Home Environments mankind comes to experience for the first time in his Life, would be too much influenced. The aim I intend to on these investigations is too much laid on throwing some light on psychological factors of the Home Environments having greater influence on Anxiety formation by making children objects of investing ation. Therefore the Subjects, intending to make clear in the concret, are as follows. 1. According to the wholeness in accordance with each variational factors of the Home pointing-to Value, and to boy ＆ girl's up and down group, are there, differences are there differences between the General, the Experimental ＆ the whole Anxiety? 2. According to the wholeness in accordance with each variational Factors of the Home's Group-Personality ＆ to girl and boy's upper and lower side group, Are there differences between the General, the Experimental and the Whole Anxiety? 3. According to the wholeness in accordance with each variational factors of the Home's Psychological Process and to girl and boy's upper and lower side group, Are there difference between the General, the Experimental and the Whole Anxiety? For these subjects being mentioned above, there had been brought into operation the Anxiety Test (Sarason, Davidson, Lighthall ＆ waite, 1960), and Home Environments' Diagnosis Test (W.S. Chung, Seoul, K.T.C., 1970) by making objects of study 560 elementory school children in the 5th grade who are living in the enter of Seoul, and in accordance with the wholeness according to each variational factors of the Home Environments' Diagnosis Test, and with girl and boy's up and down group, classifing into two parts. The one is the wholeness, and the other girl and boy's up and down group. By using test, the General, The E-perimentaland the Whole Anxiety had been investigated. It fellowed from this which had said above that the conclusions below were drown. 1. The Social Rising, among one of the Home Pointing-to-value factors, had an influence only upon the Experimental Anxiety of the whole's upper and lower side group (p＜.05). Pointing-to-Materialism indicated considerable differences in the Whole (p＜.05) and the Experimental Anxiety (p＜.05) of the girl's upper and lower side group. Traditionalism did considerable one between the While (p＜.05), the General Anxiety (P＜.05), of the whole's upper and lower side, and the Whole (p＜.O1), the General Anxiety (p＜.01) of the boy's upper and lower side group. 2. The Role Expectancy ＆ attitude among the family members, in one of the Hone Group-character's factors showed same time it proved that the Homes congelation power had great influence upon the Whole's upper and lower side group (p＜.05) ＆ the Experimental Anxiety of the girl's upper and lower side group. 3. Among the factors of the Home Psychological process, Achievement pressure had-great deal influence upon the Whole's upper and lower side group (p＜.05) on the Experimental Anxiety and the girl's upper and lower side group (p＜.05) Opening Factor did on the Whole Anxiety (p＜.01) of the whole's upper and lower side group ＆ on the General Anxiety (p＜.001), on the Whole Anxiety (p＜.01) of the girl's upper and lower side group the General Anxiety (p＜.05), and did also on the General Anxiety (P＜.05) of the boy's upper and lower side group. Affection pressure had a great influence upon the Whole Anxiety (p＜.01) of the whole's upper and lower side group and on the Experimenta1 (p＜ .01), the Whole (p＜.001) of the girl's upper and lower side group, the General (p＜.001), ＆ did on the Experimental Anxiety (p＜.01). Autonomous expectancy showed no meanigful influence upon the children's Anxiety.