Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 최혜영 | * |
| dc.contributor.author | 이진주 | * |
| dc.creator | 이진주 | * |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-09-02T16:31:44Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-09-02T16:31:44Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | * |
| dc.identifier.other | OAK-000000262381 | * |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000262381 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/276199 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Background: Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a major cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), yet links among exposure, host susceptibility, and keratinocyte-level molecular responses remain unresolved. Methods: This dissertation integrates three original investigations. Chapter II characterized occupational contact dermatitis through a cross-sectional questionnaire of 100 Korean hairdressers in Seoul. Chapter III retrospectively analyzed 647 consecutive patch test patients, with allergen co-sensitization network analysis and exploratory genotyping of 17 patients for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFA, CXCL11, IL10, IL16, and STAT6. Chapter IV characterized PPD-induced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in HaCaT keratinocytes using pharmacological modulators (FICZ, CH223191, and sulforaphane). Results: Fifty-one percent of hairdressers reported adverse skin reactions, with cumulative years of experience as the sole independent predictor (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.07–2.24). PPD sensitization was confirmed in 5.9% of patch test patients and was independently associated with polysensitization (adjusted OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.11–6.67); CXCL11 variants were numerically enriched in PPD(+)/PS(+) patients (71.4%). In HaCaT cells, PPD induced dose- and time-dependent dual activation of AhR and Nrf2 with evidence of asymmetric crosstalk between these pathways; pro-inflammatory mediators (TNFA, IL8, and CXCL11) were largely refractory to AhR/Nrf2 pathway modulation, whereas IL10 was selectively Nrf2-responsive, and sulforaphane suppressed PPD-induced reactive oxygen species (p 〈 0.0001). Conclusions: Cumulative exposure emerges as a convergent correlate across clinical, immunogenetic, and cellular scales of PPD-induced ACD. The CXCL11 and IL10 axes link clinical immunogenetic observations to keratinocyte molecular mechanisms, and the AhR–Nrf2 axis emerges as a candidate pharmacological target for high-exposure populations.;배경: 파라페닐렌디아민(para-phenylenediamine, PPD)은 알레르기성 접촉피부염(allergic contact dermatitis, ACD)의 주요 원인 물질이나, 노출 양상, 숙주 감수성, 각질형성세포 수준의 분자 반응 사이의 유기적 연관성은 아직 충분히 규명되지 않았다. 방법: 본 학위논문은 세 편의 독립적 연구를 통합하여 수행되었다. 제2장에서는 서울 지역 미용사 100명을 대상으로 설문조사 기반 단면연구를 통해 직업성 접촉피부염을 분석하였다. 제3장에서는 연속적으로 첩포검사를 시행한 647명의 환자를 후향적으로 분석하고, 알레르겐 공동감작 네트워크 분석 및 그 중 17명에서 TNFA, CXCL11, IL10, IL16, STAT6 유전자의 단일염기다형성에 대한 탐색적 유전형 분석을 시행하였다. 제4장에서는 HaCaT 각질형성세포에서 FICZ, CH223191, sulforaphane을 이용하여 PPD에 의한 aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR) 및 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) 신호전달 경로를 분석하였다. 결과: 미용사의 51%가 피부 부작용을 경험하였으며, 근무 연수가 유일한 독립적 예측인자로 확인되었다(교차비 1.55; 95% 신뢰구간 1.07–2.24). 첩포검사 환자의 5.9%가 PPD에 감작되었고, 이는 다중감작(polysensitization)과 유의한 독립적 관련성을 보였다(보정 교차비 2.72; 95% 신뢰구간 1.11–6.67). CXCL11 변이는 PPD 감작 및 다중감작을 동반한 환자군에서 수치적으로 높은 빈도를 보였다(71.4%). HaCaT 세포에서 PPD는 AhR과 Nrf2 경로를 농도 및 시간 의존적으로 이중 활성화시켰으며, 경로 간 비대칭적 상호조절이 관찰되었다. 전염증성 매개체(TNFA, IL8, CXCL11)는 AhR/Nrf2 경로 조절에 대부분 반응하지 않았고, IL10은 Nrf2에 선택적으로 반응하였으며, sulforaphane은 PPD 유도 활성산소종을 억제하였다(p 〈 0.0001). 결론: 누적 노출은 PPD 유발 ACD의 임상적, 면역유전학적, 세포 수준에 걸쳐 공통적으로 나타나는 핵심 연관 인자로 확인되었다. CXCL11과 IL10 축은 임상 면역유전학적 관찰과 각질형성세포 수준의 분자 기전을 연결하며, AhR–Nrf2 축은 고노출 인구집단에서 잠재적 약리학적 표적 후보로 제시된다. | * |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Ⅰ. General Introduction 1 A. Allergic Contact Dermatitis 1 B. Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) 1 C. PPD Exposure in Hairdressers 2 D. The Polysensitization Phenomenon and the Question of Host Susceptibility 2 E. Immune-Regulatory Gene Polymorphisms in Contact Sensitization Susceptibility 3 F. Keratinocytes as Active Innate Immune Regulators in Allergic Contact Dermatitis 3 G. The AhRNrf2 Axis: Integrated Xenobiotic Sensing and Antioxidant Defense in Keratinocytes 4 H. Specific Aims 5 Ⅱ. Clinical Patterns and Risk Factors of Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Korean Hairdressers: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study 7 A. Introduction 7 B. Materials and Methods 8 1. Subjects 8 2. Questionnaire and Data Collection 8 3. Statistical Analysis 9 C. Results 10 1. Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors for Adverse Effects in Hairdressers 10 2. Awareness and Safety Practices Regarding Hair Dye Hazards 13 3. Clinical Manifestations and Temporal Patterns of Adverse Effects 15 4. Comparison of Suspected Materials Associated with Symptom Subgroups 17 5. Individual Analysis of Prickling Group Patients 19 6. Comparison of Demographic and Occupational Factors in Severe vs. Non-Severe Subgroups 20 7. Behaviors After Experiencing Adverse Effects 22 D. Discussion 23 Ⅲ. Para-Phenylenediamine Sensitization and Polysensitization: Clinical Correlates and Immune-Regulatory Gene Polymorphisms in a Korean Patch Test Cohort 25 A. Introduction 25 B. Materials and Methods 26 1. Study Design and Population 26 2. Patch Testing Protocol and Definition of Patient Groups 26 3. Heatmap-Based Correlation Analysis of Allergen Co-sensitization Patterns 27 4. Genetic Analysis and Statistical Methods 27 C. Results 28 1. Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics 28 2. Allergen Sensitization Profiles and Co-sensitization Patterns 30 3. Multivariable Analysis of PPD Sensitization Risk Factors 32 4. Correlation Network Analysis of Allergen Co-sensitization 32 5. Genetic Polymorphism Analysis 36 D. Discussion 39 Ⅳ. Modulation of AhR and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Para-Phenylenediamine-Induced Responses in Keratinocytes 42 A. Introduction 42 1. Chemical Reactivity of PPD and Its Implications for Keratinocyte Sensing Pathways 42 2. PPD-Specific Evidence for AhR and Nrf2 Engagement in Keratinocytes 43 3. Research Gap and Specific Aims 44 B. Materials and Methods 45 1. Cell Culture 45 2. Reagents and Pathway Modulators 45 3. Cell Viability Assay (MTT Assay) 46 4. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) 47 5. Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis 50 6. Measurement of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) 53 7. Statistical Analysis 54 C. Results 55 1. Effect of PPD on Cell Viability of HaCaT Keratinocytes 55 2. Changes in mRNA Expression of AhR, Nrf2 Pathway, and Inflammatory Mediator Genes 57 2-1. mRNA Expression of AhR Pathway Genes (AHR, CYP1A1, CYP1B1) 57 2-2. mRNA Expression of Nrf2 Pathway Genes (NRF2, HMOX1, NQO1) 57 2-3. mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Mediators (TNFA, CXCL11, IL8) 58 2-4. mRNA Expression of Anti-inflammatory Cytokine IL10 58 3. Changes in AhR and p-Nrf2 Protein Expression 64 3-1. Total Protein Expression of AhR and p-Nrf2 64 3-2. Nuclear Translocation of AhR and Nrf2 64 4. Effect of AhR and Nrf2 Pathway Modulators on Gene Expression 68 4-1. AHR Pathway Genes 68 4-2. NRF2 Pathway Genes 68 4-3. Pro-inflammatory Mediators 69 4-4. Anti-inflammatory Cytokine IL10 69 5. PPD-Induced Oxidative Stress and Its Regulation by AhR and Nrf2 Signaling 74 5-1. Dose-Dependent Changes in Intracellular ROS Levels 74 5-2. Effect of AhR and Nrf2 Pathway Modulators on ROS Levels 74 D. Discussion 79 Ⅴ. General Discussion and Integrated Perspective 84 A. Cumulative Exposure as a Convergent Theme 84 B. Cross-Scale Observations on the CXCL11 and IL10 Axes 84 C. Potential Relevance of AhRNrf2 Modulation in High-Exposure Populations 85 D. Differential Regulation of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators 86 E. Limitations of the Integrated Framework 87 Ⅵ. Conclusions and Future Directions 88 A. Future Research Directions 88 B. Clinical Implications 89 C. Concluding Statement 89 Ⅶ. References 90 Ⅷ. Appendices 99 Appendix II-1. Research Questionnaire 99 Appendix II-2. Prickling Group Individual Cases 107 Appendix II-3. Behaviors After Experiencing Adverse Effects 108 | * |
| dc.format | application/pdf | * |
| dc.format.extent | 3891637 bytes | * |
| dc.language | eng | * |
| dc.publisher | 이화여자대학교 대학원 | * |
| dc.subject | 알레르기성 접촉피부염, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, 미용사, Nrf2, 파라페닐렌디아민, 다중감작, 단일염기다형성 | * |
| dc.subject.ddc | 600 | * |
| dc.title | Para-Phenylenediamine-Induced Cutaneous Reaction | * |
| dc.type | Doctoral Thesis | * |
| dc.title.subtitle | An Integrated Study of Clinical Patterns, Gene Polymorphisms, and the AhR–Nrf2 Axis in Keratinocytes | * |
| dc.format.page | xi, 108 p. | * |
| dc.identifier.thesisdegree | Doctor | * |
| dc.identifier.major | 대학원 의학과 | * |
| dc.date.awarded | 2026. 8 | * |