발달장애 성인의 공동행동 기술 향상을 위한 드럼세트 합주 활동 적용 사례

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a drum set-based ensemble program on the improvement of joint action skills in adults with developmental disabilities. Four adults participated in this study, including one adult diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder （ASD） and three adults diagnosed with Intellectual Disability （ID）. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of two members and participated in an eight-session intervention conducted twice a week for 40 minutes per session. The intervention was designed to promote joint action skills through structured ensemble activities that required role allocation, behavioral coordination, mutual responsiveness, and collaborative performance. The program consisted of three stages: behavioral synchronization, complementary action performance, and collaborative role coordination. Throughout the program, participants were required to share musical goals, respond to musical cues, coordinate their actions with others, and collaboratively complete ensemble tasks. A pretest-posttest design was employed. Behavioral changes were measured through video recordings collected during each session, and self-regulation was assessed using the Effortful Control Scale for Adults （ECS-A） administered before and after the intervention. The results revealed meaningful changes in the joint action skills of adults with developmental disabilities. During the early sessions, participants primarily engaged in individual playing and showed limited responsiveness to the actions of their partners. They tended to maintain their own playing patterns with minimal coordination or shared performance. As the intervention progressed, participants increasingly attended to their partners’ actions, responded to musical cues, adjusted their playing according to the ensemble context, and demonstrated greater collaborative engagement. Cooperative performance behaviors, including role maintenance, role adjustment, and mutual responsiveness, increased throughout the intervention. Participants became more likely to modify their performance in response to their partners and demonstrated greater involvement in shared musical activities. In addition, improvements in self-regulation were observed, including enhanced behavioral control and reduced impulsive responses during ensemble participation. Overall, participation in the drum set-based ensemble program contributed to the development of joint action skills in adults with developmental disabilities. The findings suggest that structured ensemble experiences requiring role allocation, mutual coordination, shared goals, and collaborative performance may provide effective opportunities for promoting joint action skills. Furthermore, this study supports the potential value of drum set-based ensemble interventions as a music therapy approach for enhancing joint action skills in adults with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a drum set-based ensemble program on the improvement of joint action skills in adults with developmental disabilities. Four adults participated in this study, including one adult diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder （ASD） and three adults diagnosed with Intellectual Disability （ID）. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of two members and participated in an eight-session intervention conducted twice a week for 40 minutes per session. The intervention was designed to promote joint action skills through structured ensemble activities that required role allocation, behavioral coordination, mutual responsiveness, and collaborative performance. The program consisted of three stages: behavioral synchronization, complementary action performance, and collaborative role coordination. Throughout the program, participants were required to share musical goals, respond to musical cues, coordinate their actions with others, and collaboratively complete ensemble tasks. A pretest-posttest design was employed. Behavioral changes were measured through video recordings collected during each session, and self-regulation was assessed using the Effortful Control Scale for Adults （ECS-A） administered before and after the intervention. The results revealed meaningful changes in the joint action skills of adults with developmental disabilities. During the early sessions, participants primarily engaged in individual playing and showed limited responsiveness to the actions of their partners. They tended to maintain their own playing patterns with minimal coordination or shared performance. As the intervention progressed, participants increasingly attended to their partners’ actions, responded to musical cues, adjusted their playing according to the ensemble context, and demonstrated greater collaborative engagement. Cooperative performance behaviors, including role maintenance, role adjustment, and mutual responsiveness, increased throughout the intervention. Participants became more likely to modify their performance in response to their partners and demonstrated greater involvement in shared musical activities. In addition, improvements in self-regulation were observed, including enhanced behavioral control and reduced impulsive responses during ensemble participation. Overall, participation in the drum set-based ensemble program contributed to the development of joint action skills in adults with developmental disabilities. The findings suggest that structured ensemble experiences requiring role allocation, mutual coordination, shared goals, and collaborative performance may provide effective opportunities for promoting joint action skills. Furthermore, this study supports the potential value of drum set-based ensemble interventions as a music therapy approach for enhancing joint action skills in adults with developmental disabilities.;본 연구는 발달장애 성인을 대상으로 드럼 세트 합주 프로그램을 구조화하여 타인과의 공동행동 기술 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구 대상자는 평균 연령 20대 중반으로 자폐스펙트럼장애 성인 1명과 지적장애 성인 3명으로 총 4명의 대상자가 참여하였다. 본 프로그램은 한 그룹당 2명씩 무작위로 배정되어 총 두 그룹으로 구성되었다. 본 연구는 사전 검사, 중재, 사후 검사로 진행되었으며, 중재는 회기당 40분씩 주 2회, 총 8회기에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 본 연구에서 적용된 드럼 세트 기반 합주 활동은 목표 행동인 공동행동 기술의 향상에 초점을 맞추어 단계를 구성하였다. 1단계는 행동적 동기화 단계로, 동일한 리듬을 함께 또는 교대로 연주하며 시간적 조율 능력을 형성하도록 구성하였다. 2단계는 상호 반응적 행동 수행 단계로, 타인의 음악적 신호에 반응하며 자신의 리듬을 조절하도록 함으로써 상호 반응 능력을 향상하도록 구성하였다. 3단계는 공동 목표 설정 및 협력적 수행 단계로, 각자의 역할을 유지하며 집단의 리듬 흐름을 함께 구성함으로써 역할 유지 및 조정과 협력적 행동을 촉진하도록 구성하였다. 본 연구에 대한 대상자들의 변화는 연구자가 제시한 음악으로 자유 연주를 통한 행동관찰을 통해 목표 행동을 측정하였으며, 일상생활 변화는 의도적인 행동 평정 척도（Effortful Control for Adults）를 사용하여 자기보고 형식으로 평가되었다. 본 연구의 결과, 대상자들은 개별적으로 독립된 연주를 수행하는 양상에서 벗어나 타인과 협력적으로 합주를 수행하는 행동이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 역할 분담 및 행동 조율과 관련된 수행에서도 긍정적인 변화 양상이 관찰되었다. 초기 회기에는 타인의 연주를 지속적으로 관찰하고 이에 반응하는 데 어려움이 나타났으나, 후기 회기에는 타인의 연주 변화에 맞춰 자신의 연주를 조정하고 역할을 유지하며 공동 과제를 수행하는 행동이 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 아울러 Effortful Control for Adults（ECS-A）의 평균 점수는 사전 62.25점에서 사후 73.50점으로 증가한 양상을 보였다. 다만 본 결과는 소수의 대상자를 대상으로 한 자기 보고식 측정에 근거한 것으로, 자기조절 능력의 향상으로 일반화하여 해석하는 데에는 제한이 있다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 근거로 드럼 세트 합주 프로그램이 발달장애 성인의 공동행동 기술 향상에 효과적인 중재 방안이 될 수 있음을 시사하며, 향후 발달장애 성인을 대상으로 한 음악 기반 공동행동 중재의 적용 및 확장 가능성을 제안한다.