Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hannah Jun | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Chen, Cheng | - |
| dc.creator | Chen, Cheng | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-09-02T16:31:15Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-09-02T16:31:15Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | - |
| dc.identifier.other | OAK-000000263115 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000263115 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/275989 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | In recent years, rapid regulatory shifts in China and worldwide have heightened the urgency of understanding how ESG obligations shape banks’ capital positions. As the Basel Committee, International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) and Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) push climate and sustainability risks into supervisory expectations, banks face rising compliance costs and acute uncertainty over the capital implications of ESG activities. Despite these developments, empirical evidence on how ESG performance affects capital adequacy, particularly within China’s policy-driven banking system, remains limited. Addressing this gap is essential for both academic inquiry and the ongoing regulatory debate on the alignment between sustainable finance and prudential oversight. This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on the capital adequacy ratios (CARs) of Chinese banks, against the background of growing global emphasis on sustainable finance and green transformation. Taking A-share listed commercial banks in China from 2015 to 2022 as the research sample, this study adopts a mixed-methods approach that combines fixed effects regression models with qualitative international comparison. The quantitative analysis reveals that overall ESG performance exerts a delayed and heterogeneous effect on banks’ CARs. Although short-term impacts are not significant, a negative effect emerges with a two-year lag, indicating increased capital consumption associated with ESG activities. Sub-dimension analysis shows that the environmental (E) dimension tends to place more immediate pressure on capital, while the governance (G) dimension exhibits more evident negative effects in the medium to longer term. In contrast, social (S) dimension effects are weaker and more dispersed. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that significant differences at the aggregate level are most evident across geographic location and risk level, while more nuanced subgroup differences become clearer at the sub-dimension level. Qualitative comparative analysis of China, the US, and the UK highlights institutional and regulatory differences shaping ESG practices and their integration into capital management. The findings underscore the complexity of integrating ESG objectives with capital regulation in China, and suggest that policy design, regulatory incentives, and capacity-building for banks are essential to promote sustainable capital management. This research not only fills a gap in the literature on the relationship between ESG and capital structure in Chinese banking but also provides practical recommendations for regulators and practitioners to support the high-quality, sustainable development of the financial sector.;최근 중국을 비롯한 전 세계에서 ESG 관련 규제 환경이 빠르게 변화함에 따라, ESG 의무가 은행의 자본건전성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 이해가 그 어느 때보다 중요해지고 있다. 바젤위원회, 국제지속가능성기준위원회(ISSB), 기업지속가능성보고지침(CSRD) 등은 기후 및 지속가능성 위험을 감독 기준에 반영하는 방향으로 전환하고 있으며, 이에 따라 은행들은 증가하는 규제 준수 비용과 ESG 활동의 자본적 영향에 대한 높은 불확실성에 직면하고 있다. 이러한 변화에도 불구하고, 특히 정책 주도적 성격이 강한 중국 은행 시스템을 대상으로 한 ESG 성과와 자본적정성의 관계에 대한 실증적 연구는 아직 충분하지 않다. 본 연구는 이러한 공백을 메우고, 지속가능금융과 건전성 감독 간 연계에 대한 학문적·정책적 논의를 심화하는 데 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 글로벌 차원의 지속가능금융 및 녹색전환에 대한 요구가 강화되는 상황 속에서, 중국 은행의 ESG 성과가 자본적정성비율(CAR)에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 2015년부터 2022년까지의 중국 A주 상장 상업은행을 표본으로 하여, 고정효과 회귀모형과 국가 간 정성적 비교를 결합한 혼합연구방법을 적용하였다. 실증 분석 결과, 전체 ESG 성과는 은행의 CAR에 지연되고 이질적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 당기에는 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 나타나지 않았으나, 2기 시차에서 부정적 효과가 확인되었으며, 이는 ESG 관련 활동의 장기적 편익이 가시화되기 전에 자본 소모 효과가 먼저 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다. 세부 차원 분석에서는 환경(E) 차원이 보다 즉각적인 자본 압력을 가하는 경향을 보인 반면, 지배구조(G) 차원은 중기에서 장기에 걸쳐 더 뚜렷한 부정적 효과를 나타냈다. 이에 비해 사회(S) 차원의 영향은 상대적으로 약하고 분산적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 이질성 분석 결과, 전체 ESG 수준에서는 지역 특성과 위험 수준에서 차이가 보다 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 보다 세부적인 하위집단 차이는 ESG 세부 차원 분석에서 더욱 분명하게 확인되었다. 중국, 미국, 영국을 대상으로 한 정성적 비교분석은 ESG 규제체계와 제도적 환경의 차이가 ESG 실천 방식과 자본관리 통합 과정에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 점을 보여준다. 본 연구의 결과는 중국에서 ESG 목표와 자본규제의 조화를 이루는 과정이 매우 복합적임을 보여주며, 지속가능한 자본관리를 위해서는 정책 설계, 규제 인센티브, 은행의 역량 강화가 필수적임을 시사한다. 나아가 본 연구는 중국 은행을 대상으로 한 ESG와 자본구조 간 관계에 대한 문헌 공백을 보완하고, 금융 부문의 고품질·지속가능 발전을 지원하기 위한 실질적 함의를 규제기관과 실무자에게 제공한다. | - |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | I. Introduction 1 A. Research Background 1 B. Research Objectives and Questions 4 C. Importance of the Study 5 D. Structure of the Dissertation 7 II. Background of ESG Development in China 9 A. Capital Market and Banking Industry in China 9 1. The Composition and Development of China's Capital Market 9 2. The Structure and Function of China's Banking Industry 12 B. The Role of Government in ESG Policy in the Banking Sector 15 C. Summary of Institutional Background in China's Banking Sector 19 III. Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 21 A. The Development of ESG in the Banking Sector 21 B. Determinants of Capital Adequacy in the Banking Sector 23 C. Indirect Evidence on the Relationship Between Banks' ESG Performance and Capital Structure 25 D. Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses Development 28 1. Theoretical Framework 28 a. Trade-off Theory 28 b. Signaling Theory 29 c. Resource-Based View (RBV) 30 d. Stakeholder Theory 31 2. Hypotheses Development 32 E. Research Gaps 37 IV. Research Design and Methodology 40 A. Research Design 40 B. Quantitative Research Design 40 1. Sampling Selection and Data Source 40 2. Variables and Measurements 42 a. Dependent Variables 42 b. Explanatory Variables 43 c. Control Variables 44 3. Design Rationale for the Lag Specification 46 4. Empirical Models 47 C. Qualitative Research Design 48 1. Research Subject Selection and Material Sources 48 a. Research Subject Selection 48 b. Material Sources 48 2. Research Methods 49 V. Empirical Analysis and Results 50 A. Descriptive Statistics 50 1. Descriptive Statistics of All Variables 50 2. Descriptive Trends in CAR and ESG Performance by Different Types of Banks 51 a. Descriptive Trends in CAR by Different Types of Banks 51 b. Descriptive Trends in ESG Performance by Different Styles of Banks 55 B. Multicollinearity Test 59 1. Multicollinearity Test for ESG, ESG sub-dimensions and Their Lagged Variables 59 2. Multicollinearity Test for Main Regression Variables 61 C. Hausman Test 62 D. Main Regression Results and Analysis 63 E. Heterogeneity Analysis 66 1. Heterogeneity Analysis by Different Types of Banks 66 2. Heterogeneity Analysis by CAR Level 69 3. Heterogeneity Analysis by the Location of Bank Headquarters 73 4. Heterogeneity Analysis by Loss-category Loan Ratio (LLR) 76 F. Reverse Causality Test and Robustness Test 80 1. Reverse Causality Test 80 2. Robustness Test 85 G. Hypotheses Testing Results 90 VI. Qualitative Analysis: International Comparative Study on ESG Regulation and Practice in the Banking Sector 95 A. Comparative Institutional Analysis 95 1. ESG Regulatory Regime for Banking in China 95 2. ESG Regulatory Regime for Banking in the US 97 3. ESG Regulatory Regime for Banking in the UK 98 4. Comparative Analysis of ESG Regulatory Regimes for Banking in China, the US and the UK 100 B. Case Studies 103 1. ESG Practices and Capital Adequacy Management in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) 103 a. ESG Disclosure Framework and Reporting Structure 104 b. ESG Practices and Governance Mechanisms 105 c. ESG Risk Management Practices 106 d. Micro-Interpretation of Empirical Patterns 107 2. ESG Practices and Capital Adequacy Management in Bank of America (BOA) 108 a. ESG Disclosure Framework and Reporting Structure 108 b. ESG Practices and Governance Mechanisms 109 c. ESG Risk Management Practices 110 d. Micro-Interpretation of Empirical Patterns 111 3. ESG Practices and Capital Adequacy Management in HSBC 112 a. ESG Disclosure Framework and Reporting Structure 112 b. ESG Practices and Governance Mechanisms 113 c. ESG Risk Management Practices 117 d. Micro-Interpretation of Empirical Patterns 118 VII. Discussion 120 A. Interpretation of the Results and Theoretical Implications 120 1. Main Regression Results and Theoretical Interpretation 120 2. Heterogeneity Results and Institutional Interpretation 123 B. Policy Recommendations 126 VIII. Conclusion 130 A. Summary of Key Findings 130 B. Research Contributions and Innovations 131 C. Research Limitations and Future Research Directions 133 Bibliography 135 Appendix 1. Summary of Variables Measurement 147 Appendix 2. Bloomberg ESG Disclosure Score Framework 149 | - |
| dc.format | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.extent | 2771281 bytes | - |
| dc.language | eng | - |
| dc.publisher | 이화여자대학교 국제대학원 | - |
| dc.subject | ESG Performance, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Chinese Commercial Banks, ESG Regulation, Banking Regulation | - |
| dc.subject.ddc | 300 | - |
| dc.title | The Impact of ESG Performance on Capital Adequacy Ratios in the Chinese Banking Sector | - |
| dc.type | Doctoral Thesis | - |
| dc.title.subtitle | Empirical Evidence and International Comparative Insights | - |
| dc.format.page | xv, 160 p. | - |
| dc.identifier.thesisdegree | Doctor | - |
| dc.identifier.major | 국제대학원 국제학과 | - |
| dc.date.awarded | 2026. 8 | - |