encompasses diverse formations such as the ‘goja’, the ‘gung-ye’, the ‘gwijok’, the ‘kkangpae’, and ‘-byeong. This approach intersects with Mattiello(2023)’s discussion of “combining forms” and Wang Mong Hyo(2025)’s account of “word-formation-only elements”, supporting a view of semantic neology that is not confined to conventional word-class or word-boundary notions but instead targets forms that perform semantic innovation in actual usage.
Chapter III develops a typology of semantic neologisms along two main axes: semantic change and collocational relation. Along the semantic-change axis, the relationship between the established sense (S1) and the new semantic sense (S2) is classified into (1) changes in meaning range and (2) changes in evaluation. Range-change items are further subdivided into three subtypes: ‘general → general’ type, ‘specific → general’ type, and ‘proper noun → common noun’ type, with ‘sujeo' serving as a representative case of range widening. As for the aspect of amelioration/pejoration in semantic change, the study identifies ’ameliorated-type’ semantic neologisms exemplified by ‘kkangpae’, as well as ‘pejorated-type’ items exemplified by formations with ‘-chung’. Along the collocational-relation axis, the study distinguishes semantic neologisms according to how S2 develops within recurrent combinatory patterns, yielding two structural types: the ‘[N + S2] relation’ type and the ‘[S2 + N] relation’ type. The analysis shows that emergent collocate clusters contribute to constructing a new semantic field for S2 and thereby support both the emergence and stabilization of semantic neologisms.
Chapter IV examines usage frequency and stabilization using the newspaper corpus conducted by NIKL from 2020 to 2024. For ‘matjip’, ‘kkangpae’, ‘yojeong’, and ‘jeolbyeok’, the distribution of high-frequency collocates is analyzed, demonstrating that collocates associated with S2 are both more diverse and more frequent, which indicates that the semantic innovation is being conventionalized at the discourse level. By contrast, highly context-dependent and high-frequency items such as ‘saida’, ‘ari’, and ‘sujeo’ cannot be reliably disambiguated through collocational shifts alone. For these targets, the study exhaustively collects all attestations, manually assigns each token to S1 or S2, and counts only the tokens confirmed as semantic-neology usages. The results show that the proportion of S2 uses is 70.48% for saida’, 26.71% for ‘sujeo’, and 82.20% for ‘ari’, with ‘saida’ and ‘ari’ in particular exhibiting strong stabilization insofar as the innovative sense accounts for an overwhelming majority of attestations.
In sum, this study contributes to semantic-neology research by integrating the recurrently noted problems of definition, scope, identification, and stabilization into a unified analytic framework. By conceptualizing stabilization not as a single frequency value but as a two-dimensional phenomenon—namely, the restructuring of collocate clusters and the dominance of S2 in contextual usage - the study offers a methodological foundation applicable to future lexicographic description (e.g., identifying points of sense differentiation, representative constructions, and example selection) and to corpus-based research on detecting semantic innovation.
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