입원노인환자가 인지하는 간호사의 의사소통 유형과 상호작용의 질

Abstract

본 연구는 입원노인환자가 인지하는 간호사의 의사소통 유형을 확인하고 환자와 간호사의 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 일개 대학병원에 3일 이상 입원중인 65세 이상 환자 123명을 대상으로 시행된 서술적 상관관계 연구이다. 연구도구는 입원노인환자가 인지하는 간호사의 의사소통유형을 측정하기 위해 정수연(2007)이 개발한 의사소통 유형 측정도구를 사용하였으며, 입원노인환자와 간호사의 상호작용의 질은 한국어판 간호사-환자 상호작용 측정도구(장희경 등, 2019)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 29를 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Multiple linear regression으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 대상자는 남자 47명(38.2%), 여자 76명(61.8%)이며, 평균 연령은 74.35세였다. 81명(65.9%)이 배우자가 있으며, 종교를 가진 대상자는 80명(65%)이었다. 교육정도는 중학교 및 고등학교 졸업자가 47명(38.2%)로 가장 많았다. 간호간병통합서비스병동에 입원중인 자는 42명(34.1%), 그 외 응급병동과 VIP병동을 포함한 일반병동에 입원중인 자는 81명(65.9%)이었으며, 입원일수는 최소 3일에서 최대 62일로 평균 입원일수는 6.8일이었다. 과거 입원횟수는 3회 이상이 56명(45.5%)으로 가장 많았다. 대상자가 인지하는 간호사의 의사소통 유형은 평균 5점 만점에 하위항목 정보제공적 유형이 4.11±0.72로 가장 높았고 친화적, 권위적 유형에서 각각 3.80±0.79, 2.41±0.67로 측정되었다. 대상자와 간호사의 상호작용의 질 점수의 평균은 120점 만점에 97.02±20.92로 나타났다. 대상자가 인지하는 간호사의 친화적 의사소통 유형은 연령(F=4.026, p=.020), 배우자 유무(t=-2.298, p=.023)에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 70대보다 80대 이상에서, 배우자가 있는 경우보다 배우자가 없는 경우에 간호사의 친화적 의사소통 성향이 강하다고 인지하였다. 대상자가 인지하는 간호사의 정보제공적(r=.791, p<.001), 친화적(r=.827, p<.001) 의사소통 유형은 상호작용의 질과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 권위적(r=-.583, p<.001)의사소통 유형은 상호작용의 질과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 대상자와 간호사 간의 상호작용의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 정보제공적(β=.291, p=.001), 친화적(β=.519, p<.000) 의사소통 유형이 영향요인으로 나타났으며, 다중회귀모형의 설명력은 72.1%이었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 간호사의 정보제공적, 친화적 의사소통은 입원노인환자와 간호사의 상호작용의 질을 높이는데 효과적임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 입원노인환자와 간호사 간 의사소통 효과를 증가시키고, 상호작용의 질을 높이기 위한 구체적 방안을 마련할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하였다는 것에 의의가 있다. 노인환자와 간호사의 상호작용의 질을 높이기 위해 효과적인 의사소통 기술 함양을 위한 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.;The purpose of this study is to verify the communication types of nurses as recognized by elderly inpatients and identify the factors that affect the interactions between patients and nurses. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a descriptive correlation study with 123 inpatients, 65 or older, who had been admitted in a certain university hospital for three days or longer. The tools of study used were the communication type measurement tool developed by Sooyeon Jeong (2007) for the purpose of measuring the communication types of nurses perceived by elderly inpatients, as well as the Korean version of the nurse-patient interaction measurement tool (Heekyeong Chang et al., 2019) for measuring the quality of the interactions between elderly inpatients and nurses. For the analysis of the data of this study, the researcher utilized SPSS 29 to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The findings from this study were as follows; 1. The study participants were 47 males (38.2%) and 76 females (61.8%). The average age of the participants was 74.35. 81 (65.9%) was with a spouse, and 80 (65%) had a religion. As for the education level, the largest group was those with intermediate or high school education (47, 38.2%). 42 (34.1%) were admitted to the Integrated Nursing and Care Service Ward, while those who were admitted to general wards, including Emergency and VIP wards was 81 (65.9%). The duration of hospitalization ranged from 3 days minimum to 62 days maximum. The average duration of hospitalization was 6.8 days. In terms of the number of admissions in the past, 56 (45.5%) reported three times or more, which was the highest. 2. As for the types of the communication with nurses perceived by the participants, out of a total of five points, the informative subtype was of the highest score of 4.11±0.72, followed by the friendly and authoritarian communication types, marking respectively 3.80±.0.79 and 2.41±.0.67. The average score for the quality of interactions between participants and nurses was, out of a total of 120 points, 97.02±20.92. 3. The friendly communication type of the nurses as perceived by the participants differed significantly depending on the age, (F=4.026, p=.020) and being with or without a spouse (t=-2.298, p=.023). Compared to the 70s group, the 80s and older group was more likely to believe that the nurses had a friendly communication type, which was also the case with those without a spouse compared to those with a spouse. 4. The perceived informative (r=.791, p<.001) and friendly (r=.827, p<.001) communication types had a significant correlation with the quality of interactions, while the authoritarian (r=-.583, p<.001) communication type had a significant and negative correlation with the quality of interaction. 5. The result of the multiple regression analysis to analyze the impact upon the quality of interactions between the participants and their nurses, the informative (β=.291, p=.001) and friendly (β=.519, p<.000) communication types were found to be influential factors, where the power of the multiple regression model was 72.1%. This study showed that the informative and friendly communication types of nurses were effective in enhancing the quality of interactions between elderly inpatients and nurses. The implication of this study was that it provided base data to develop concrete strategies to enhance the quality of interactions and make the communication between elderly inpatients and nurses more effective. There is a need to develop a program to further improve effective communication skills in order to enhance the quality of interactions between nurses and elderly inpatients.