중국과 한국의 정보공개제도 비교연구

Abstract

정부가 보유한 정보자원은 지식경제시대의 중요한 자원이며 국민과 조직이 국가의 관리에 참여하고 자신의 권리를 지키며 경제사회 진보를 위해 필수불가결한 조건이다. 정보자원들을 효율적으로 활용하여 정부의 업무효능을 높이려면 정부 정보의 공개와 공유를 적극 권장해야 한다. 정부의 정보 공개 업무를 제도화·규범화하여 모든 시민과 조직이 정부 정보 자원을 최대한 이용할 수 있도록 보장하고, 정부 기관이 효율적이며 공정·투명하게 직무를 수행하고 모든 국민들의 권익을 보호할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 유엔헌장, 미주인권기구협약, 유럽인권협약 등은 정보의 자유를 규정하고 개인과 조직의 정보 제공 권리를 강조하고 있으며 헌법이나 법률 형태로 국민의 정부 정보 제공 권리를 보장하고 있는 국가도 많다. 1990년대 들어 정부 정보 공개가 새로운 단계에 접어들 면서 새로운 정부 정보 관리 패러다임이 전통적인 정부의 면모를 일신하고 있다. 개혁개방 이후 중국은 정부의 정보공개를 민주적 관리와 감독, 국민들의 권익보호를 위한 중요한 통로로 삼았다. 아시아 최초로 정부 정보공개제도를 제정·시행한 한국은 정부 정보공개 실천 과정에서 풍부한 경험을 쌓았다. 두 나라 사이에는 비슷한 역사·문화 전통이 있고, 정부 정보공개제도 도입과 관련해 비슷한 문제를 안고 있으며, 사정에 따라서는 또 다른 특수한 문제를 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중국과 한국의 정보공개제도의 비교분석을 통해 한국보다 늦게 출발한 중국의 정보공개제도의 문제점을 파악하고 개선방향을 모색하고자 하였다.;The information resources owned by the government are important resources in the era of knowledge economy, and it is also an indispensable condition for citizens and organizations to participate in national management, safeguard their rights, and promote economic and social progress. To make these resources play a real role and improve the allocation level of social resources and the efficiency of government work, we must vigorously advocate the disclosure and sharing of government information. The establishment of a government information disclosure system can institutionalize, standardize and long-term effect government information disclosure, ensure that every citizen and organization can maximize the use of government information resources, ensure that government agencies perform their duties effectively, fairly and transparently, and protect The legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other social organizations. The United Nations Charter, the American National Organization for Human Rights Convention and the European Convention on Human Rights all stipulate freedom of information, emphasizing the right of individuals and organizations to obtain information, and many countries affirm citizens' rights to government information in the form of constitutions or special laws. After entering the 1990s, government information disclosure has entered a new stage of development, and the new government information management model has brought a new look to the traditional government. After the reform and opening up, China has also regarded the disclosure of government information as an important way to ensure citizens' democratic management, ethnic supervision and protection of their own rights and interests. As the first country in Asia to formulate and implement a government information disclosure system, South Korea has accumulated rich experience in the practice of government information disclosure. The two countries have similar historical and cultural traditions and face similar problems in the implementation of the government information disclosure system. At the same time, they face their own special problems due to different national conditions. The theme of this paper is divided into five parts, and its logical structure is as follows: The first part mainly sorts out and analyzes the literature and theoretical logic related to the government information disclosure system, and fully understands the current research frontier and main problems in this field. The second part explains the necessity of establishing and improving the government information disclosure system from the development of the market economy, the construction of political democracy, the respect and protection of human rights, the deepening of government reform, and the prevention and governance of corruption. The third part mainly explains the development process of the open government information system in China and South Korea, and also examines the implementation status of the open government information system in the two countries. The fourth part mainly examines the similarities and differences of China and South Korea's government information disclosure system in legislative purpose, legislative principle, the scope of information disclosure subjects, and the content scope of information disclosure. The fifth part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the implementation status and existing problems of the government information disclosure system in China and South Korea, and at the same time, objectively looks at the achievements and shortcomings in the process of this research, and hopes to have certain reference and comparison for researchers in related fields in the future.