지역사회 노인의 성별에 따른 경제활동 특성과 우울, 삶의 만족도

Abstract

본 연구에서 경제활동을 하고 있는 지역사회 노인의 경제활동 내용에 따른 우울의 정도, 삶의 만족도가 성별에 따라 차이가 있는지를 확인하기 위해 2020년 노인실태조사 자료를 이용하였다. 만 65세 이상 노인 중, 경제활동을 하고 있다고 응답한 3,607명의 노인을 대상으로 하였다. 우울의 정도를 측정하기 위해 조맹제 등(1999)이 한국어로 번안한 단축형 노인우울척도를 사용하였으며, 삶의 만족도는 5점 Likert 척도 1개 문항을 사용하여 분석하였다. SPSS 28.0를 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test로 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 평균연령은 남성 70.69세, 여성 71.31세이고(χ2=-3.439, p=.001), 배우자가 있는 남성은 87.8%, 여성은 57.6%였다(t=494.824, p<.001). 남성은 고등학교 졸업자가 44.2%로 가장 많았지만, 여성은 초등학교 졸업자가 35.5%로 가장 많았다(χ2=338.288, p<.001). 건강 상태 만족도는‘만족’이라 응답한 남성이 61.4%, 여성이 52.8%로 나타났다(χ2=95.052, p<.001). 2. 남성 77.3%와 여성 73.6%가‘생계비 마련’을 위해 경제활동을 한다고 응답했고(χ2=37.731, p<.001), 월 평균소득은 남성은 174.99만원, 여성은 102.35만원이었다(t=14.636, p<.001). 주당 평균 근무시간은 남성은 33.47시간, 여성은 24.54시간이었다(t=14.783, p<.001). 경제 상태 만족도는 남성은 ‘만족’이 38.6%, 여성은‘그저 그렇다’가 39.8%로 가장 많았다(χ2=50.317, p<.001). 3. 남성의 5.7%, 여성의 10.9%가 우울이 있는 것으로 나타났으며(χ2=21.977, p<.001), 삶의 만족도는 남성 55.3%, 여성 47.1%가‘만족’이라고 가장 많이 응답했다(χ2=29.155, p<.001). 4. 남성의 우울 정도는 경제활동 이유(F=4.909, p=.001), 월 평균소득(F=6.142, p<.001), 경제 상태 만족도(F=9.616, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 삶의 만족도는 경제활동 이유(F=11.985, p<.001), 월 평균소득(F=11.959, p<.001), 주당 근무시간(F=7.600, p<.001), 경제 상태 만족도(F=177.298, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 여성의 우울 정도는 경제활동 이유(F=6.523 p<.001), 월 평균소득(F=10.118, p<.001), 주당 근무시간(F=6.312, p<.001), 경제 상태 만족도(F=19.112, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 삶의 만족도는 경제활동 이유(F=6.0812, p<.001), 월 평균소득(F=11.843, p<.001), 일의 내용(F=2.573, p=.026), 주당 근무시간(F=9.638, p<.001), 경제 상태 만족도(F=232.197, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 남녀 노인 모두 경제활동 이유, 소득 및 경제 상태 만족도에 따라 우울과 삶의 만족도는 유의한 차이가 있었고, 근무시간에 따라 삶의 만족도는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 여성의 경우 근무시간에 따라 우울 점수의 차이가 있었고, 일의 내용에 따라 삶의 만족도도 차이가 있었다. 따라서 경제활동을 하는 노인의 우울과 삶의 만족도는 경제활동의 특성 및 성별에 따라 차이가 있을 수 있으므로 간호 중재 시 이를 고려할 필요가 있다.;Using the 2020 National survey on Korean older adults to confirm data, this study was conducted to investigate gender-specific differences in the level of depression and life satisfaction of the community-dwelling older adults who are involved in economic activities. Among the participants, 3,607 of those aged 65 or older, were engaged in economic activities. The Short- foam Geriatric Depression scale, which was translated into Korean by Maeng Je Cho(1999) was used to measure the level of depression, and the life satisfaction was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 28.0, and the data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffé's test. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The mean age of the participants was 70.69 and 71.31 years for men and women, respectively(χ2=-3.439, p=.001); 87.8% and 57.6% of the men and women, respectively, had spouses(t=494.824, p<.001). the largest number of high school graduated (44.2%) and of elementary school graduates (35.5%) were observed in the male and female groups, respectively(χ2=338.288, p<.001). In terms of satisfaction with health conditions, 61.4% of men and 52.8% of women expressed “Satisfaction”(χ2=95.052, p<.001). 2. 77.3 % of men and 73.6% of women reported engagement in economic activities of “Finance their living”(χ2=37.731, p<.001), and the monthly income was 1.7499 and 1.0235 million won for men and women, respectively(t=14.636, p<.001). The average weekly working hours were 33.47 and 24.54 hours for men and women, respectively(t=14.783, p<.001). In terms of satisfaction with their economic status, 38.6% of men were “Satisfied” and 39.8% of women were “Just so”(χ2=50.317, p<.001). 3. In this study, 5.7% and 10.9% of men and women had depression(χ2 = 21.977, p <.001), and 55.3% and 47.1% of men and women, respectively answered “Satisfaction” the most(χ2 = 29.155, p <.001). 4. Among men, the level of depression differed significantly according to the reason for economic activity(F=4.909, p=.001), monthly income(F=6.142, p<.001), and satisfaction with economic status(F=9.616, p<.001). There were significant differences in life satisfaction according to the reason for economic activity(F=11.985, p<.001), monthly income(F=11.959, p<.001), working hours per week(F=7.600, p<.001), and satisfaction with economic status(F=177.298, p<.001). Similarly, the level of depression of women differed significantly according to the reason for economic activity(F=6.523, p<.001), monthly income(F=10.118, p<.001), working hours per week(F=6.312, p<.001), and satisfaction with economic conditions(F=19.112, p<.001), whereas life satisfaction differed significantly according to the reason for economic activity(F=6.081, p<.001), monthly income(F=11.843, p<.001), work content(F=2.573, p=.026), working hours per week(F=9.638, p<.001), and satisfaction with economic status(F=232.197, p<.001). In this study, the reason for the economic activities for older adults, among both men and women, were to meet living expenses, and the income and working hours were higher for men than for women. Women experienced more depression than men, and men had higher life satisfaction than women. The association between reasons for both men and women’s economic activities, income, and satisfaction with economic status showed significant differences with regard to depression and life satisfaction, whereas working hours showed a significant difference only with regard to life satisfaction. Among women, the presence of depression differed according to working hours, and there was a difference in life satisfaction according to the work content. Therefore, depression and life satisfaction of the economically active older adults may differ depending on the economic activity characteristics and gender, so it is necessary to consider this in nursing intervention.