군 병원 간호장교의 재난 인식과 태도, 의사소통능력이 재난간호역량에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 군 병원 간호장교의 재난 인식과 태도, 의사소통능력 및 재난간호역량을 파악하고 이를 기반으로 재난간호역량에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 설문 조사 연구이다. 연구 대상자는 2021년 11월 기준 전국 12개 군 병원에 근무하는 간호장교 중 자발적 참여 의사를 표현한 대상자 191명을 편의 표집으로 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 재난 인식은 이영란 등이 개발한 도구를 사용하여 측정하였고, 재난 태도는 Moabi의 도구를 박혜영이 번안한 것을 사용하였다. 의사소통능력은 Global interpersonal communication competence를 사용하였으며 재난간호역량은 Emergency preparedness information questionnaire를 기반으로 노지영이 개발한 도구를 도구를 활용하여 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 28.0 프로그램을 사용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 재난 인식은 평균 평점 3.65±0.37점으로 나타났으며, 재난 대비에 대한 태도는 평균 평점 3.35±0.35점으로 나타났다. 대상자의 의사소통능력은 평균 평점 3.86±0.42점으로 나타났으며 재난간호역량은 평균 평점 3.52±0.51점으로 나타났다. 2. 본 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성과 재난간호역량은 근무 경력(t= 3.22, p=.024), 재난 간호 교육 여부(t=4.08, p<.001), 재난간호 참여 경험(t=3.539, p<.001), 재난간호 교육 시기(t=3.39, p=.036)와 유의한 관계가 있었으며 재난 태도는 행동 기반 교육과(t=2.14, p=.036) 유의한 관계가 있었다. 이는 행동 기반 교육이 재난 태도에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 의미한다. 또한 근무 경력이 높을수록, 재난간호 참여 경험이 있을수록, 실무직전 재난교육을 받았을수록 재난간호역량이 높았다. 3. 재난 인식은 재난 태도(r=.32, p=.002), 의사소통능력(r=.46, p<.001), 재난간호역량(r=.40, p<.001)과 통계적으로 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타났다. 재난 태도는 의사소통능력(r=.28, p<.001), 재난간호역량(r=.19, p=.008)과 통계적으로 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타났다. 의사소통능력은 재난간호역량(r=.50, p<.001)과 통계적으로 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타났다. 4. 대상자의 일반적 특성 및 재난 인식, 재난 태도, 의사소통능력을 독립변수로 투입하여 다중 회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 회귀모형은 통계적으로 유의하였으며 F=13.96, (p<.001), 재난간호역량에 영향을 미치는 요인은 의사소통능력(β=.41, p<.001), 재난 인식(β=.28, p=.003), 재난교육 경험(β=.25, p=.001), 재난간호 참여 경험(β=.17, p=.022) 근무경력 (β=.16, p=.033) 순이었다. 이는 재난간호역량의 35%를 설명하였다.;The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of disaster perception, disaster attitude, and communication skills on disaster nursing competence among nurse officer in armed forces hospital. For this descriptive study, data were collected from 191 nurse officers at armed forces hospitals in Korea from November 16, 2021 to November 22, 2021, using a convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed by conducting descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the research were as follows. 1. Participants were mostly female (86.4%). Participants‘ years of working were 4.58±3.27 years. 78% of the participants had experience in disaster education, and the most number of education type(24.8%) was simulation education. The time when the participants were educated consisted of university education(66.2%), external education(22.3%), and training course(11.5%). The most number of education type(39.6%) that participants wanted to be educated additionally was disaster training with Standardized Patient. 22.5% of the participants had experience in disaster nursing work. The highest rate(58.1%) of disaster nursing work type was nursing COVID-19 patients(or suspected). 2. The average scores for variables were as follows: 3.65±0.37 scores for disaster perception, 3.38±0.35 scores for disaster attitude, 3.83±0.42 scores for communication skills, and 3.52±0.51 scores for disaster nursing competence. 3. Participants who have worked for 6-9 years had high scores for disaster nursing competence. Participants who had experience in disaster education had high scores for disaster nursing competence. Participants who had experience in disaster nursing work had high scores for disaster nursing competence. Participants who were educated at training course had high scores for disaster nursing competence. 4. The disaster perception was significantly correlated with disaster attitude(r=.32, p=.002), communication skills(r=.46, p<.001) and disaster nursing competence(r=.40, p<.001). The disaster attitude was significantly correlated with communication skills(r=.28, p<.001) and disaster nursing competence(r=.19, p=.008). The communication skills was significantly correlated with disaster nursing competence(r=.50, p<.001). 5. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors affecting participants' disaster nursing competence. Factors influencing nurse officers’ disaster nursing competence were: communication skills(β =.41, p<.001), disaster perception (β=.28, p=.003), experience in disaster education (β=.25, p=.001), experience in disaster nursing work (β=.17, p=.022) and working experience (β=.14, p=.033). In summary, disaster nursing competences had a positive correlation with recognition of communication skills, disaster perception, experience in disaster education, and experience in disaster nursing work. Based on the results of this study, a system which promotes communication skills and disaster perception would be proposed increase disaster nursing competences by nurse officers at armed forces hospitals in Korea. In addition, the results of this study could be used to inform researchers to develop measures for the disaster nursing competences.