Effect of low tube voltage and low iodine concentration abdominal CT on image quality and radiation dose in children: preliminary study

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the image quality of a double-low protocol (low tube voltage and low iodine concentration) for abdominal CT in children.Materials and methodsThe double-low protocol was compared to the conventional protocol in pediatric patients weighing less than 40kg from May 2016 to December 2016. Double-low protocol (Group A, n=18): tube voltage, 70kVp; and iodine concentration,: 250mgI/mL versus Conventional protocol (Group B, n=13): tube voltage, 80-100kVp; and iodine concentration, 350mgI/mL. Mean attenuation, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared between the two groups. Image contrast, noise, beam-hardening artifacts, and overall image quality were subjectively scored. Reader performance for correctly differentiating two groups by visual assessment was evaluated. Radiation dose and total iodine load were recorded.ResultsThe mean attenuations of the portal vein and liver and the mean image noise in Group A were higher than in Group B (p=0.04, 0.03, 0.004, respectively). The mean SNR and CNR of the main portal vein and liver were lower in Group A without any statistically significant difference. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in qualitative analysis (image contrast, image noise, and overall image quality) with substantial agreement between the reviewers (weighted kappa values; 0.59-0.76). Significantly diminished radiation dose and iodine load were observed in Group A compared with Group B (25.0%, 36.8% reduction; p=0.007, 0.006, respectively).ConclusionThe double-low protocol was feasible for pediatric abdominal CT and reduced both radiation dose and iodine load, while maintaining image quality.