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NQO1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of nootkatone in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the AMPK signaling pathway
- Title
- NQO1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of nootkatone in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the AMPK signaling pathway
- Authors
- Park, Jung-Eun; Park, Jin-Sun; Leem, Yea-Hyun; Kim, Do-Yeon; Kim, Hee-Sun
- Ewha Authors
- 김희선; 박진선; 임예현
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 김희선; 박진선; 임예현
- Issue Date
- 2021
- Journal Title
- FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
- ISSN
- 0891-5849
1873-4596
- Citation
- FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE vol. 164, pp. 354 - 368
- Keywords
- Microglia; Nootkatone; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; NQO1; AMPK signaling
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the use of potent anti-inflammatory/antioxidant agents has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of nootkatone (NKT), a sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from grapefruit, in in vitro and in vivo models of neuroinflammation. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, NKT inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. In addition, NKT inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as NQO1 and HO-1. Molecular mechanistic studies showed that NKT inhibited Akt, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappa B activities, while increasing AMPK, PKA/CREB, and Nrf2/ARE signaling in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Since NKT dramatically increased NQO1 expression, we investigated the role of this enzyme using pharmacological inhibition or knockdown experiments. Treatment of BV2 cells with the NQO1-specific inhibitor, dicoumarol, or with NQO1 siRNA significantly blocked NKT-mediated inhibition of NO, ROS, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and upregulation of IL-10. Furthermore, NQO1 inhibition reversed the effects of NKT on pm- and anti-inflammatory signaling molecules. Intriguingly, we found that the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, mimicked the effects of dicoumarol, suggesting the presence of a crosstalk between NQO1 and AMPK. Finally, we demonstrated that NKT inhibited microglial activation, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the brains of LPS-injected mice, which was also reversed by dicoumarol. These data collectively suggest that NQO1 plays a critical role in mediating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of NKT in LPS-induced neuroinflammation by modulating AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways.
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.015
- Appears in Collections:
- 의과대학 > 의학과 > Journal papers
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