Age and sex specific target of blood pressure for the prevention of cardiovascular event among the treatment naive hypertensive patients

Abstract

The time at which hypertension treatment should be initiated for different age groups and sexes remains controversial. We aimed to determine whether the association between blood pressure (BP) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) varies with age and sex. This study enrolled 327,328 subjects who had not taken antihypertensive medication in the Korean National Health Service-National Health Screening Cohort between 2002 and 2003. Participants were categorized into four groups according to 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guideline. Primary outcome was MACE characterized by cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke. During a 10-year follow-up, a significant increase in MACE risk was observed from the stage 1 hypertension group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI 1.15-1.32; P<0.001) in time-varying Cox analysis. This relationship was persistent in subjects aged <70 years, but increased MACE risk was observed only in the stage 2 hypertension group in >= 70 years (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.32-1.76, P<0.001). When categorized as per sex, both men and women showed significant MACE risk from stage 1 hypertension. However, on comparing the sexes after stratifying by age, a significantly increased risk of MACE was shown from stage 1 hypertension in men aged <50 years, but from stage 2 hypertension in men aged >= 50 years. Meanwhile, increased MACE risk was observed from stage 2 hypertension in women aged <60 years, but from stage 1 hypertension in women aged <greater than or equal to>60 years. Thus, young male subjects had higher MACE risk than young female subjects, but this difference gradually decreased with age and there was no difference between sexes in subjects aged >= 70 years. Therefore, our results suggest that hypertension treatment initiation may need to be individualized depending on age and sex.