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dc.contributor.advisorJean Bouffard-
dc.contributor.author천보현-
dc.creator천보현-
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-13T16:32:55Z-
dc.date.available2019-08-13T16:32:55Z-
dc.date.issued2019-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000158529-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000158529en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/251054-
dc.description.abstractThis M. Sc. thesis discusses the studies investigated for the development of stimuli-responsive materials based on N-heterocyclic (NHC) boranes. NHC-boranes, which feature NHCs coordinated to boron, are generally much more stable than free NHCs. NHC-organoboron derivatives have a vast potential to be used in various fields, but their applications have rarely been reported. In particular, we believe that NHC-boranes may be especially useful in the preparation of materials that respond selectively to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Since ROS / RNS are produced in the body and have been implicated in a variety of diseases, research on ROS/RNS-responsive materials is important. Here, we describe our efforts for the development of NHC-borane-based platforms that can be triggered by ROS for the controlled release of various molecules. In Chapter I, in order to improve the understanding of this study, we summarize the known properties and applications of NHCs, boranes and borohydrides. NHCs are mainly used as catalysts in combination with transition metals, or else as organocatalysts. Their chemistry become very different when they are coordinated to main-group elements. In particular, NHC-boranes, a kind of NHC-main group element complex, were described in more details. Their stability, properties and various applications as reagents, reactants and initiators are presented. In Chapter II, NHC-boranes were studied as stimuli-responsive materials. First, NHC-boranes were synthesized from various imidazolium salts and triazolium salts. A large amount of NHC-boranes could be obtained in yields better than the previously reported by the Curran group. The synthesized NHC-boranes were converted to NHC-monoiodoboranes, and their B-Arylation with organometallic reagents was optimized. Various solvents, reagents and conditions have been tried, and the synthesis via aryl lithium substitution at cryogenic temperatures has been shown to be the most efficient. The developed conditions enabled the synthesis of various aromatic derivatives such as drugs and fluorescent materials. The ROS-triggered emission for the synthesized pyrene-derived NHC-monoarylborane 5 was followed by 1H, 11B, and 19F NMR, and by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It was confirmed that NHC-monoarylborane 5 selectively reacted with specific ROS, and the rate of oxidation was influenced by their structures. The possibility of expanding the application range of NHC-monoarylborane 5 and other derivatives to fluorogenic probes, ROS-activated prodrugs, drug delivery, and theragnostics is discussed. In chapter III, studies on the BN bond as analogue of CC bond and cycloaddition of NHC-azidoborane are presented. Although thermolysis and photolysis experiments of NHC-azidoborane indicate its consumption, it has not been possible to confirm the formation of the postulated intermediate that possess a BN double bond, and trapping cycloaddition experimentswere not successful. The [3 + 2] Huisgen type cycloaddition of NHC-azidoborane and alkynes was found to work at moderate temperatures, even without a copper catalyst, and to be general in scope.;본 연구에서는 NHC-borane을 바탕으로 한 자극 반응성 물질을 만드는 것을 목표로 하였다. NHC-borane은 붕소원자가 N-heterocyclic carbene에 배위되어 있는 형태로 일반적인 NHCs보다 매우 안정하다는 특징이 있다. NHC-organoboron 유도체는 매우 잠재력이 있는 물질이지만 응용된 연구는 거의 보고되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 분자들의 제어된 방출을 위하여 고반응성 산소종에 의해 유발될 수 있는 플랫폼을 NHC-borane에 기반하여 개발하였다. 제 1장에서는 본 연구의 이해를 높이기 위해 NHC와 borane, borohydride의 조사를 수행하였다. NHC, borane, borohydride의 정의, 구조, 특성에 대해 알아보았고, 그것의 종류와 활용에 대한 조사도 이루어졌다. NHC는 유기촉매나 전이금속과 결합하여 촉매로 주로 쓰이지만 다른 주요 그룹과 결합하여 새로운 특성을 띄는 물질이 되기도 한다. 특히, NHC의 한 종류인 NHC-borane에 대해서는 더욱 자세히 조사하여, 특수한 안정성을 확인할 수 있었고, 그러한 특성 덕분에 시약, 반응물, 개시재 등 다양히 활용되는 것을 확인하였다. 제 2장에서는 자극 반응성 물질로서의 NHC-borane에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, 다양한 이미다졸륨염, 트리아졸륨염을 바탕으로 NHC-borane을 합성을 시도하였다. 기존에 발표된 논문보다 좋은 수율로 다량의 NHC-borane을 얻을 수 있었고, 합성한 NHC-borane을 NHC-monoiodoborane으로 치환하여 유기금속 촉매 하에 방향족과 합성을 시도하였다. 다양한 용매, 시약, 조건을 시도하였고 극저온에서 아릴리튬 치환을 통한 합성이 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 개발한 조건은 약물, 형광물질 등의 다양한 방향족을 기반으로 한 합성을 가능하게 하였고 합성된 NHC-monoarylborane 5에 대한 유도방출을 1H, 11B, 19F NMR과 UV-Vis spectrometer로 관찰할 수 있었다. NHC-monoarylborane 5가 특정 ROS에 선택적으로 반응하는 것을 확인하였고, 분자에 따라 산화되는 속도가 다른 것 또한 확인할 수 있었다. NHC-monoarylborane 5을 발광 프로브 뿐만 아니라 ROS 활성 prodrugs, 약물 전달, theragnostics으로서의 응용 범위 확장의 가능성을 확인하였다. 제 3장에서는 NHC-azidoborane과 관련해 CC결합의 유사체로서의 BN결합과 첨가 환화에 관한 연구가 이루어졌다. NHC-azidoborane의 열분해, 광분해 실험은 출발물질의 변형을 보였지만, BN 이중결합을 가진 예상된 중간체는 형성하지 못했고, 트랩핑 첨가환화 실험 또한 실패하였다. [3+2] 휴이젠 타입의 첨가 환화는 구리촉매가 없더라도 온건한 온도 아래 보편적으로 반응이 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsChapter I. Introduction to N-heterocyclic carbene boranes 1 I. What are N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC)s 2 A. Definition, structure, properties 2 B. Types of NHCs in organic chemistry 3 C. Major applications in organic chemistry 4 1. Examples as ligands in transition metal catalysis 4 2. Examples as organocatalysts 6 3. Other applications (main group chemistry) 8 II. Boranes and Borohydrides 10 A. Definition, structure, properties, stability 10 B. Major Applications in Organic Chemistry 10 III. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes 12 A. Definition, structure, properties, stability 12 B. Major Applications in Organic Chemistry 12 1. Examples as reactants 12 2. Examples as reagents 13 3. Examples as initiators 14 References 16 Chapter II. NHC-boranes as stimuli-responsive materials 19 I. Introduction 20 A. Importance of ROS/RNS responsive materials 20 B. Previous Work: [N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes as Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Materials: Application to the Two-Photon Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid in Living Cells and Tissues] 20 C. Previous Work: [Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Ratiometric NHeterocyclic Carbene Borane Probe for Two-Photon Microscopic Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid] 21 D. Goals / Specific Aims of this Study 22 II. Synthesis of B-Arylated NHC-boranes 24 A. Development of routes for the preparation of B-Arylated NHC-boranes 24 1. Previous Examples: Literature Survey 24 2. Previous Work: Jungwha Han's Internship work 26 3. B-Arylated NHC-Boranes by substitution of B-Halogenated NHC Boranes with Organometallic Reagents 27 B. Preparation of Triggered Release Materials based on B-Arylated NHC-boranes 31 III. Study of Triggered release platforms based on NHC-boranes 35 A. NMR Titration Experiments: Reaction Stoichiometry 35 1. Reactivity of 5c with t-BuOCl 36 2. Reactivity of 5d with t-BuOCl 36 B. UV-Vis Experiments: Selectivity and Kinetics 37 1. Reactivity of 5a with tBuOCl and H2O2 38 IV. Conclusions 43 V. Experimental Section 44 A. General information 44 B. Synthetic procedures 45 C. NMR titration of NHC-monoarylboranes 56 References 59 Appendix 61 Chapter III. Study of the Photolysis and Thermolysis of NHC-BH2N3 for new cycloadditions leading to BN Heterocycles 82 I. Introduction 83 A. B=N Bonds as Analogues of C=C Bonds 83 B. Syntheses of B=N analogues of Benzene and other common aromatic rings 84 C. Goals of this project: Study of cycloaddition with "NHC-B=N" 85 II. Results and Discussions 86 A. Preparation of NHC-BH2N3, NHC-BH2NCO, NHC-BH2NCS 86 B. Photolysis of NHC-BH2N3, NHC-BH2NCO, NHC-BH2NCS 86 C. Cycloaddition of NHC-BH2N3 with alkene 89 III. Conclusions 92 IV. Experimental Section 93 References 96 Appendix 97 국문초록 102-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3088541 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc500-
dc.titleSynthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes as stimuli-responsive materials-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pagexi, 103 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 화학·나노과학과-
dc.date.awarded2019. 8-
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