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dc.contributor.advisor강동민-
dc.contributor.author최수희-
dc.creator최수희-
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-18T16:30:50Z-
dc.date.available2019-02-18T16:30:50Z-
dc.date.issued2019-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000153371-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000153371en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/248611-
dc.description.abstractDrug repositioning is a new pharmaceutical development strategy to identify new indications from existing drugs. It is a beneficial opportunity to reduce developmental time and expense, and decrease the risk of the new compound. In this study, I propose various applicable methods to figure out NSAIDs’ cytotoxicity and I propose the possibility of drug repositioning of DCF (one of the NSAIDs) to anticancer therapy by investigation of its effect on autophagy. To maintain cell hemostasis, cells require biosynthetic and degradative systems. Autophagy is self-degradative process removing folded and aggregated proteins, entire organelles and protein complexes to recycle. Under starved condition and extracellular stimuli, Autophagy is activated by sequestering obsolete materials in autophagosome which subsequently delivered to the lysosome. Degradation of components in lysosome to maintain the pool of building blocks in cells. Thus, autophagy is known to be induced as a cytoprotective system for cell survival. As autophagy is vital for cell homeostasis, autophagy should be tightly regulated. Otherwise, extremely high or low level of autophagy can cause various diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, hepatitis and liver injury. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) inhibitors relieving pain and inflammation. A variety of NSAIDs are easily prescribed and used worldwide. However, it has recently been reported that NSAIDs induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI) resulting in inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain. It also increases cellular ROS level leading to hepatotoxicity and hepatocytes apoptosis. For NSAIDs safety, it is required for evaluation of NSAIDs to predict cytotoxicity. In addition, narrowing down the scope of the drug's effects on cells can prevent and avoid their side effects. To assess toxicity in cell culture, basal cell function or specialized cell function is tested. General cell function is examined including observation of cell viability and nuclear fragmentation. On the other hand, I try to evaluate toxicity by monitoring autophagy, one of the specialized cell functions. Because macroautophagy is a dynamic process involved in many proteins and organelles, it is suitable not only for evaluation of overall cytotoxicity, but for observing specific changes of each autophagic step induced by drugs. Therefore, I propose an applicable imaging method to determine and categorize the effect of NSAIDs according to their effect on autophagy, which helps to figure out the drug cytotoxicity and generally outline the mode of action of medicines. In the case of DCF, I suggest the potential anti-cancer effect of DCF for future drug repositioning possibility. ;약물 재배치 (drug repositioning) 은 기존 약물의 새로운 효과를 확인하는 새로운 제약 개발 전략이다. 이는 신약 개발 시간과 비용을 획기적으로 줄이고 새로운 화합물의 사용 위험을 감소시키는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 NSAIDs의 세포 독성을 알아보기 위한 다양한 방법을 제안하고, 자가소화작용 (autophagy)에 대한 약물의 효과를 조사하여 Diclofenac (NSAIDs의 하나)의 항암제로의 약물 재배치 가능성을 제안하고자 한다. 세포 내 항상성을 유지하기 위해서는 세포는 세포 내 생합성 및 분해 시스템을 필요로한다. 자가소화작용(autophagy)은 세포 내에 뭉쳐져 있는 단백질 (aggregated protein), 늙고 기능을 제대로 하지 못하는 구성요소들과 세포소기관 (organelle)을 분해하여 세포 내 구성요소로 다시 재활용하는 재활용 시스템이다. 자가소화작용(autophagy)은 세포가 외부의 스트레스 (영양소 부족과 아미노산 부족 등)에서 오토파고좀(autophagosome)을 생성하여 세포 내 물질을 리소좀(lysosome)에 전달하여 분해하여 세포 내 구성요소 풀(pool)을 유지하여 세포 스스로 세포보호(cytoprotective) 작용으로 알려져 있다. 자가소화작용(autophagy)는 세포의 항상성에 필수적이기 때문에 엄격히 규제되어야 하며, 그렇지 않고 극도로 높거나 낮은 수준의 자가소화작용(autophagy)는 알츠하이머병, 헌팅턴병, 간염 및 간 손상과 같은 다양한 질병을 유발할 수 있다. NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: 비 스테로이드성 항염증제)는 cyclooxygenase enzyme(COX) inhibitor로써, 염증과 고통을 완화시키는 역할을 한다. 최근에 이런 NSAIDs가 drug-induced liver injury (DILI)를 일으키는 부작용이 보고되면서, 이러한 부작용을 예방하기 위하여 NSAIDs의 독성 평가의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 우리는 세포의 전체적인 항상성을 담당하고, dynamic한 과정의 autophagy를 이용하여 NSAIDs가 세포에 미치는 영향과 독성을 평가해보고자 하였다. Imaging과 다양한 정량방법을 통해 NSAIDs가 세포에 미치는 독성을 관찰함을 시사한다. Diclofenac의 경우, Diclofenac가 자가소화과정(autophagy)에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여, 결과적으로 이 약품이 잠재적인 항암효과를 가지고 있으므로 향후 약물 재배치 가능성이 있음을 제안한다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. Abstract 1 II. Introduction 3 A. Drug repositioning 3 1. Overview of drug repositioning 3 2. Several successful examples of drug repositioning for anticancer therapy 3 B. The roles of autophagy. 4 1. Overview of autophagy pathway in mammalian cells 4 2. Three different types of autophagy 5 3. Three main steps in autophagy pathway 8 4. Inducers and inhibitors of autophagy 15 5. Various diseases related to autophagy process 16 C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hepatotoxicity 17 1. NSAIDs and Liver damage from NSAIDs 17 D. Objective of this study 19 III. Material and Methods 20 A. Chemicals and antibodies 20 B. Cell culture and Transfection 21 C. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy 21 D. Quantitative analysis of images methods 22 E. Cell cycle arrest and Flow cytometry 23 F. Microtubule assay 24 G. Airy scan confocal Image 24 H. Statistical analysis 25 IV. Results 26 A. Quantitative analysis of autophagy inhibition and activation by NSAIDs 26 B. DCF treatment disrupts endomembrane system affecting PI3P formation on the omegasomes and lysosome activity 35 C. DCF induced mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy inhibition in HepG2 cells 43 D. DCF disrupts cell division causing mitotic arrest in Hela H2B-GFP cells and Hela cells 51 E. Microtubule network formation was weakened by DCF in Hela cells and HepG2 cells 58 F. Quantitative analysis of Golgi fragmentations induced by NSAIDs can be used as a toxicity prediction method 64 V. Discussion 67 VI. References 70 VII. 국문초록 75-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3602669 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titlePredicting cytotoxicity of NSAIDs by establishment of strategy to monitor autophagic flux with imaging methods-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.creator.othernameChoi, Soohee-
dc.format.pagevi, 76 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명과학과-
dc.date.awarded2019. 2-
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