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Particulate nitrosamines in the atmosphere at Seoul and their major sources
- Title
- Particulate nitrosamines in the atmosphere at Seoul and their major sources
- Authors
- Choi, Na Rae; Ahn, Yun Gyong; Lim, Hyung Bae; Lee, Ji Yi; Jung, Chang Hoon; Kim, Yong Pyo
- Ewha Authors
- 김용표; 이지이
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 김용표; 이지이
- Issue Date
- 2018
- Journal Title
- AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
- ISSN
- 1873-9318
1873-9326
- Citation
- AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 855 - 865
- Keywords
- Nitrosamines; Nitrogenous compounds; Carcinogens in the atmosphere; Photochemical reactions; Primary emission sources; Seoul
- Publisher
- SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- Five nitrosamines (nitroso-methyl-ethylamine (NMEA), nitroso-pyrrolidine (NPYR), nitrosodi-ethylamine (NDEA), nitroso-piperidine (NPIP), and nitrosodi-butylamine (NDBA)) in the atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal 10 mu m (PM10) at Seoul were identified and quantified by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in chemical ionization (CI) mode. The average ambient concentrations of the sum of the five nitrosamines showed a distinctive seasonal pattern, higher in winter (2.79 +/- 1.41 ng/m(3)) than in summer (0.92 +/- 0.29 ng/m(3)). Diurnal pattern showed slightly higher in night time (1.67 +/- 1.47 ng/m(3)) than day time (1.57 +/- 1.04 ng/m(3)) but it was not statistically significant. Possible contributors of nitrosamines were discussed based on various statistical analyses. Since BaP/BeP ratio and nitrosamines' concentrations showed negative correlation, indicating aged aerosols containing more nitrosamines, it was suggested that nitrosamines might be produced by the atmospheric reactions. However, the correlations of nitrosamines with PAHs, CO, and SO2 were also good which were emitted from the primary emission sources, suggesting the particulate nitrosamines observed at Seoul could be also emitted from the primary emission sources. Primary emission sources were also identified by using the principal component analysis (PCA). It was concluded that NDBA could be mainly emitted from plastic and rubber combustions, release of landfill and tobacco smoke, and NPYR and NDEA might be emitted from the vehicular emission and cooking. The other nitrosamines, NMEA and NPIP, which were not included in both factors and showed relatively higher negative correlation with BaP/BeP ratios than other nitrosamines, could be produced from the atmospheric reactions.
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11869-018-0594-0
- Appears in Collections:
- 공과대학 > 화공신소재공학과 > Journal papers
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