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dc.contributor.advisor우소연-
dc.contributor.author김지연-
dc.creator김지연-
dc.date.accessioned2018-04-04T10:47:14Z-
dc.date.available2018-04-04T10:47:14Z-
dc.date.issued2017-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000138079-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000138079en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/241431-
dc.description.abstractCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common form of inherited peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy. The CMT2F disease and a related disease, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2B (dHMN2B), are caused by autosomal dominantly inherited mutations of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) gene. HSPB1 is a small molecular chaperone involved in various cellular processes including protein refolding, redox state modulation, cytoskeletal assembly, cell differentiation and anti-apoptosis. However, pathophysiological understanding of peripheral neuropathies caused by HSPB1 mutations is still limited and definitive therapy is not available yet. To develop specific cellular models of CMT2F and dHMN2B, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from dermal fibroblasts of patients carrying 404C>T (S135F) and 545C>T (P182L) mutations of the HSPB1 gene, by Sendai viral transduction of SOX, OCT4, KLF4, and c-MYC, and followed differentiation into motor neurons (MNs) under defined growth media and cytokines. In results, there were no significant differences in axonal length and the percentage of MN marker (MAP2 and SMI32)-positive cells among control MNs, CMT2F-MNs and dHMN2B-MNs. However, annexin V-positive and PI-negative apoptosis was increased in CMT2F-MNs. Because neurodegenerative diseases generally show defects in axonal transportation system, axonal transport of mitochondria was assessed by image analysis of mito-dsRED2 transfected MNs. In results, the absolute velocity of mitochondrial movements and the percentage of moving mitochondria were decreased in patient-derived MNs than those of normal controls. These mitochondrial transport defects in CMT2F-MNs and dHMN2B-MNs were correlated with a significant reduction in acetylation levels of α-tubulin, as acetylation of microtubulin tracks signals for recruitment of molecular motor proteins. Next, the therapeutic effects of HDAC6 inhibitors, which increase acetylation levels of α-tubulin, were evaluated in patient-derived MNs. By the treatment with a commercialized HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A, and newly developed drugs, CKD-M134 and CKD-M169 from Chong Kun Dang pharmaceutical Corp., acetylation levels of α-tubulin were increased in CMT2F-MNs and dHMN2B-MNs. HDAC6 inhibitors also reversed the disease-related reduction of axonal mitochondrial movements in patient-derived iPSCs. In conclusion, CMT2F and dHMN2B specific in vitro models were developed by generating MNs from patient-derived iPSCs, for the first time. CMT2F-MNs and dHMN2B-MNs showed reduction in acetylation levels of α-tubulin and defects in axonal mitochondrial movement as disease-related phenotypes which were reversed by HDAC6 inhibition.;샤르코-마리-투스 (Charcot-Marie-Tooth, CMT) 질환은 세계적으로 유병률이 약 2,500명 중 한 명으로 나타나는 대표적인 유전성 말초 신경 질환이며, 질병을 처음 기술한 3인의 이름을 따서 명명 되었다. CMT는 주로 20대에 발명하여 점진적으로 악화되며, 하지와 상지의 근육 퇴화를 야기하는 운동 신경 증상과 말초의 감각 이상을 야기하는 감각 신경 증상이 특징적이다. 단일 질환이기 보다는 임상적, 병리적, 유전학적 소견에 따라 여러 아형으로 나뉘어 있으며, 그 중 CMT2F 형은 상염색체 우성으로 유전되는 heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) 유전자의 돌연변이로 유발된다. HSPB1은 신체 모든 조직에서 존재하며 생물학적 스트레스 요인에 의하여 발현이 유도된다. 관여하는 세포 내 기전으로는 단백질의 재-접힘 (protein refolding), 산화/환원 (redox state) 상태 조절, 세포 골격 (cytoskeleton) 조절 등이 있다. 상염색체 우성으로 유전되는 HSPB1 돌연변이는 CMT2F와 더불어 유전 운동 신경병 (distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2B, dHMN2B)의 원인으로 알려져 있으나, 그 병태 생리에 대해서는 명확히 알려져 있지 않으며 특이적인 치료법도 전무하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, CMT2F및 dHMN2B의 병태 생리를 규명하고 치료 효과를 가지는 약물을 검정하기 위해, 환자 유래의 유도만능줄기세포 (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs)로 부터 분화된 운동 신경세포를 이용하여 특이적인 시험관 내 (in vitro) 모델을 구축하였다. 구축된 CMT2F 및 dHMN2B 특이적인 운동 신경세포에서는 신경 발달학적 결함은 찾아볼 수 없었으며, 세포 사멸 (apoptosis)의 증가와 축삭 내 미토콘드리아의 운송 장애를 관찰할 수 있었다. 축삭 내 미토콘드리아 운송 장애는 알파-튜불린 단백질 (α-tubulin)의 아세틸화 (acetylation)가 감소되는 것과 연관이 있었으며, 세포질 내 단백질의 아세틸화를 증가시키는 히스톤 탈아세틸화 효소 6 (histone deacetylase 6, HDAC6)의 억제제를 첨가하면 감소되었던 미토콘드리아 운송이 회복되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히, 새로 개발된 HDAC6 저해제인 CKD-M134와 CKD-M169의 경우 기존의 상용화된 화학물인 tubastatin A 보다 10배 더 낮은 농도에서도 높은 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 통해, CMT2F와 dHMN2B 환자의 유도만능줄기세포에서 유도된 특이적 시험관 내 모델이 임상적 신경 축삭 손상과 상관되는 질병의 표현형을 나타냄을 확인 할 수 있었고, 이 모델으로부터 HDAC 6 저해제의 치료효과를 검정할 수 있었다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 A. Preparation of fibroblasts 8 B. Generation of hiPSCs 8 C. Feeder-dependent culturing of hiPSCs 9 D. Teratoma assay 10 E. Embryoid body (EB)-mediated in vitro differentiation assay 10 F. RT-PCR 11 G. Directed differentiation of iPSCs into motor neurons 11 H. FACS analysis 12 I. Immunoblot assay 12 J. Immunocytochemistry 13 K. Neuromulscular (NM) junction formation 14 L. Microfluidic culture for analysis of axonal mitochondrial movements 14 M. Drug treatment 15 N. Statistical analysis 15 III. RESULTS 21 A. Generation of CMT2F-iPSCs and dHMN2B-iPSCs 21 B. Derivation of CMT2F and dHMN2B cellular disease model by MN differentiation of CMT2F-iPSCs and dHMN2B-iPSCs 22 C. Increased apoptosis in CMT2F-MNs 23 D. Axonal mitochondrial transport defects in CMT2F-MNs and dHMN2B-MNs 24 E. Decreased acetylation of α-tubuin in CMT2F-MNs and dHMN2B-MNs 25 F. CMT2F- and dHMN2B-related disease phenotypes were reversed by HDAC6 inhibition 25 IV. DISCUSSION 46 REFERENCES 54 ABSTRACT (IN KOREAN) 68-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent5719772 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원-
dc.subject.ddc610-
dc.titleGeneration of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the patients with hereditary peripheral neuropathy and its use for drug screening-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pageix, 69 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major의학전문대학원 의학과-
dc.date.awarded2017. 2-
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