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dc.contributor.advisor이공주-
dc.contributor.author송순화-
dc.creator송순화-
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-14T16:30:06Z-
dc.date.available2018-03-14T16:30:06Z-
dc.date.issued2013-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000076843-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000076843en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/241301-
dc.description.abstractFas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) was initially identified as Fas-associating molecule and a component of the apoptosis signaling complex. Previous our studies registered FAF1 protein as an ubiquitin receptor containing several ubiquitin-like domains including UBA, UBL1, UBL2, UAS and UBX. UBA domain recruits polyubiquitinated proteins and UBL1 domain interacts with heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and UBX domain with VCP-Npl4-Ufd1 complex. This study presents the novel interactions of FAF1 with some proteins related to unfolded protein response (UPR) and biological function of these interactions. FAF1 is identified to localize in ER membrane and interact with ATF6α which is an ER sensor activated by accumulated misfolding proteins. FAF1 interacts with full form ATF6α via VCP complex and increases the formation of ATF6α p50 in response to ER stress. It leads to increase expression of ATF6α p50 target gene CHOP and promote apoptosis. VAPB, a negative regulator of ATF6α, is also identified as a novel binding protein of FAF1. FAF1-ATF6α interaction has remained while FAF1-VAPB interaction is vanished by induced ER stress. These results suggest that FAF1 involves in the transport step of ATF6α activation by dissociating VAPB which is a negative modulator of ATF6α and FAF1 play a role in maintaining ER homeostasis. UAS domain of FAF1 contains thioredoxin-like fold but biological functions of this domain were not known. FAF1 is generally soluble protein but it forms insoluble aggregates by oxidative stress. FAF1ΔUAS, UAS domain deletion mutant, readily generates disulfide crosslinked high molecular aggregates in response to H₂O₂. In addition, all interactions were increased in FAF1ΔUAS. These results implicate that UAS domain plays a role to keep FAF1 in soluble reduced state, which regulates the protein-protein interactions of FAF1. ;Fas-associated Factor 1(FAF1)은 Fas 결합 단백질로 처음 알려졌으나, 우리는 지난 연구를 통해 FAF1이 ubiquitin–associated (UBA) domain, Ubiquitin-like (UBL1 and UBL2) domains와 ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain을 가지고 Ubiquitin receptor로 작용하는 것을 밝혔다. 또한 UBX domain을 통해 VCP-Npl4-Ufd1 complex와 결합하여 ER-associated degradation을 촉진하는 것을 확인하였다. 이번 연구에서는 FAF1에 결합하는 새로운 단백질로 ATF6α (Activating transcription factor 6 α)와 VAPB (Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B)을 찾았고, FAF1이 ER stress에 의한 세포사멸을 촉진하는 기전을 밝혔다. ATF6α는 ER에 misfolding 된 단백질이 축적되면 이를 인식하여 activation되는 Unfolded protein response (UPR)의 sensor 단백질에 해당한다. FAF1은 VCP complex를 통해서 ATF6α의Full form과 결합하고, FAF1이 과발현 세포에 ER stress를 주면 ATF6α active form이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. FAF1가 없을 때에는 ATF6α active form의 양이 증가하지 않았으며 ATF6α의 target 유전자에 해당하는 CHOP의 발현도 증가하지 않았다. 이를 통해 FAF1은 세포에 ER stress가 유발된 경우 ATF6α/CHOP activation을 촉진함으로써 세포사멸을 유도한다는 것을 알게 되었다. VAPB는 ATF6α activation을 저해하는 negative modulator로 알려졌으며, VCP complex를 통해 FAF1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. ATF6α의 경우 ER stress 유무에 상관없이 FAF1과 결합하였지만, VAPB는 ER stress가 오면 FAF1과의 결합이 감소했다. 이는 FAF1이 ATF6α의 negative modulator인 VAPB와의 결합을 조절함으로써 ER stress에 의한 ATF6α activation을 조절한다는 것을 의미한다. FAF1의 domain 중 UAS domain은 thioredoxin-like fold를 가지고 있다는 것 이외에 기능에 대해 알려진 것이 없다. FAF1 단백질에 H2O2를 처리하면 산화되어 사이즈가 큰 aggregate을 만드는데, UAS domain이 제거된 경우 더욱 쉽게 산화되어 많은 양의 insoluble aggregate을 만드는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 UAS domain이 제거 된 FAF1로 immunoprecipitation을 한 결과, 모든 결합이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 UAS domain이 FAF1의 산화-환원 상태를 조절하여 결합 단백질과의 interaction을 조절한다는 것을 의미한다.-
dc.description.tableofcontents1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and Method 8 2.1 Reagents 8 2.2 Antibodies and Plasmids 8 2.3 Site directed mutagenesis 9 2.4 Cell Culture 9 2.5 Transfection 9 2.6 GST pull down 10 2.7 Immunoprecipitation 10 2.8 Western blot analysis 11 2.9 Protein identification by UPLC-ESI-q-TOF tandem MS 11 2.10 Cell growth analysis (xCELLigence) 12 2.11 Confocal microscopy 13 2.12 Luciferase reporter assay 13 2.13 Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation 14 2.14 Soluble / Insoluble Fractionation 14 3. Result 15 3.1 FAF1 interacts with diverse proteins through ubiquitin related domain 15 3.2 Interactions occur at specific domain. 19 3.3 FAF1 facilitates cell death mediated by ER stress 22 3.4 FAF1 interacts with full form ATF6α independent of ER stress. 25 3.5 FAF1 activates ATF6α and increases expression of CHOP, as a target gene of ATF6α. 29 3.6 FAF1 increases ATF6α transcriptional activity. 32 3.7 FAF1 interacts with VAPB through VCP complex. 32 3.8 FAF1 activates ATF6α by dissociating VAPB interaction. 40 3.9 FAF1 does not influence the half-life of VAPB P56S. 40 3.10 FAF1 interacts with diverse proteins and acts as a scaffolding protein. 43 3.11. FAF1 has the UAS domain. 48 3.12 FAF1 generates high molecular aggregates in response to oxidative stress. 51 3.13 UAS domain decreases insoluble aggregates formation after oxidative stress. 51 3.14 FAF1ΔUAS strongly interacts with binding proteins. 56 4. Discussion 60 5. References 64 국문초록 69-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent6557160 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleFas-Associated Factor 1 having multi ubiquitin-like domains plays a role in ER homeostasis as a scaffolding protein-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pageix, 71 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 바이오융합과학과-
dc.date.awarded2013. 2-
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