关于传统相声语音材料中的 “京味儿”研究

Abstract

北京话是一种特殊的地方方言，虽然它与普通话的关系密切，但是作为普通话的标准语音、以及普通话基础方言北方方言的代表，北京话与普通话却不能画等号。作为方言存在的北京话，它有自己独有的特征，这些语音仅在以北京这一区域内使用，被这一带的人所熟悉、接受，例如：京剧里的“京白”，曲艺中的“相声”等就属于方言色彩浓厚的北京话。 本文共分为第一章、第二章、第三章、第四章和结论五部分组成。 第一章，主要说明本文的选题目的、选题意义、研究思路、研究方法，也包括对前人研究成果进行的总结归纳。 第二章，采用文献参考和分析归纳的方法，对北京话语音特点进行综合分析，归纳总结北京话语音在轻声、儿化、吞音、北京话特有音等方面的特点。 第三章，介绍传统曲艺——相声的发展及特点，通过分析知名传统相声作品以及相声演员的语音材料，对北京话语音进行定量定性的分析，同时对北京话语音与普通话语音区别较为显著的几个方面进行考察。 第四章，将相声的台本材料、表演语音材料和表演方式等与第三章中概括总结出的北京话语音特色相结合，分析北京话语音在相声表演中的功用，从相声表演中感受老北京的味道。 本文的研究表明，北京话语音与普通话语音既有相同之处同时又存在着差异。在语音方面，特别是在特殊音变现象中，北京话的特有音构成了北京话独特的味道，而把这“京味儿”融入到起源于民间、流传于北京大街小巷的相声作品中去，就如同赋予了作品生机和活力，使听众眼前浮现出老北京天桥那一种独特的韵味，一种可意会但不可言传之传统民俗美。 关键词: 北京话语音, 北京土语, 特殊音变,普通话 , 曲艺相声, 京味儿;Beijing dialect is a special local dialect, although it is closely related to Mandarin, as the standard pronunciation of Mandarin, as well as the representative of the northern dialect of Mandarin Basic dialect, Beijing dialect and Mandarin cannot draw an equal sign. As dialect exists in Beijing, it has its own unique characteristics, which are only used in the region of Beijing, is familiar with the people in this area, such as: Beijing opera "Jingbai", folk art in the "Crosstalk" is a dialect of the thick Beijing dialect. This article is divided into the first chapter, the second chapter, the third chapter, the fourth chapter and the conclusion five parts. In the first chapter, the main point is the purpose of the topic, the meaning of the topic, research ideas, research methods, including the predecessors of the research results summarized. In the second chapter, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of the features of Beijing dialect by means of literature reference and analysis, and concludes the characteristics of tone, suffixation and swallowing in pronunciation, especially in Beijing dialect. The third chapter introduces the crosstalk works of traditional folk art, and makes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Beijing dialect pronunciation through the performance of famous traditional crosstalk works and crosstalk performers, and investigates the differences between Beijing dialect pronunciation and Putonghua. The fourth chapter, the words of the crosstalk and the performance content, the way and the third chapter summed up the Beijing dialect pronunciation features, experience the function of Beijing dialect voice in crosstalk, from the taste of the old Beijing. The study of this paper shows that there are differences between Beijing dialect and Putonghua, in the aspect of pronunciation, especially in the special tone, Beijing dialect's peculiar sound makes up the unique taste of Beijing dialect, and the "Beijing" into the crosstalk works originated from the folk, circulated in Beijing's streets and alleys, as if endowed with the work of life. To make the audience emerge from the old Beijing that a unique taste, a kind of traditional folk beauty can be understood to be indescribable.